| A | B |
|---|
| ancestor | a person from whom one is descended |
| descendant | an offspring; a progeny; opposite of ancestor |
| deity | a god or goddess; Supreme Being |
| civilization | human society characterized by culture, science, industry, and government |
| job specialization | to pursue a specific line of work |
| public works | facilities financed and run by government (hospitals, highways, etc.) |
| city-state | a sovereign state of an autonomous city and its dependencies |
| sovereign | a supreme leader; a ruling council or committee |
| empire | a large territory or nation ruled by a single authority |
| diffusion | passing features of one culture to another |
| hereditary | possess through inheritance |
| codify | make into formal law |
| arbitrary | random exercise of judgment or will |
| merchant | buyer and seller for profit; trader |
| artisan | a craftsperson; skilled in an applied art |
| dowry | money, good, or property paid by the wife for marriage |
| anthropomorphic | attribution of human characteristics to nonhumans |
| appease | to yield to unreasonable demands |
| metallurgy | extraction of metal from ores |
| dynasty | rulers from the same family |
