| A | B |
|---|
| scalawag | white southerner who supported the new Republican governments in the South |
| freedman | person who had been a slave |
| sharecropper | person who farms land owned by another in exchange for part of the crops at harvest time. |
| poll tax | fee paid by voters to be able to vote |
| literacy test | examination that determined whether a voter could read and explain a section of the Constitution |
| black codes | laws that severely limited the rights of former slaves |
| carpetbagger | northerner who moved to the South after the Civil War |
| segregation | legal separation of the races |
| grandfather clause | law stating that a voter whose father or grandfather could vote on January 1, 1867, did not have to take a literacy test |
| 13th Amendment | banned slavery throughout the nation |
| Freedmen's Bureau | government agency set up to help former slaves |
| 10% plan | President Lincoln's plan to bring southern states back into the Union |
| amnesty | government pardon |
| Wade-Davis Bill | Congressional plan to bring southern states back inot the Union |
| Reconstruction | The federal government's program to rebuild the South after the Civil War |
| freedmen | men and women who had been slaves |
| 14th Amendment | defined citizen as being born in US or naturalized. Also included 'equal protection of the laws" and forbade states to "deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law." |
| 15th Amendment | Last of the reconstruction amendments, forbids any state to deny Aftican Americans the right to vote due to race |
| Radical Reconstruction | period beginning in 1867, when the Republicans, who had control in both houses of Congress, took charge of Reconstruction |
| Radical Republicans | member of Congress during Reconstruction who wanted to ensure that freedmen received the right to vote |
| Reconstruction Act | Passed in March 1867. |
| impeach | to bring formal charges against |
| conservatives | during Reconstruction, white southerners who resisted change |
| Ku Klux Klan | secret society organized in the South after the Civil War to reassert White Supremacy by means of violence |
| Jim Crow laws | laws that separated people of different reaces in public places in the South |
| Plessy V Ferguson | 1896 court case in which the Supreme Court rules that segregation in public facilities was legal as long as the facilities were equal. |
| "New South" | term to describe the South in the late 1800's when efforts were made to expand the economy by building up industry |
