| A | B |
|---|
| element | any substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances |
| atom | smallest unit of an element |
| compound | two or more elements combine chemically |
| molecule | smallest unit of a compound |
| organic compound | compound that contains carbon |
| inorganic compound | compound that doesn't contain carbon |
| protein | large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur |
| amino acids | small unit that is linked together chemically to form large protein molecules |
| enzyme | type of protein that speeds up chemical reaction in living thing |
| carbohydrate | energy-rich organic compound (sugar, starch) |
| lipid | energy-rich organic compound such as fats, oils, and waxes |
| nucleic acid | large organic molecule that contains instructions to carry out functions of the cell |
| DNA | genetic material carries information |
| RNA | plays important role in production of proteins |
| selectivly permeable | cell membranes - only some substances can pass through |
| diffusion | process where molecules move from an area of highly concentrated to less concentrated |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules through membrane |
| passive transport | movement without energy |
| active transport | movement with energy |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants capture light energy and use it to make food |
| pigment | colored chemical compound that absorbs light- produces color |
| chlorophyll | green pigment found in chloroplasts |
| stomata | small openings of leaves |
| respiration | process where cells break down simple food molecules to release energy |
| fermentation | provides energy for cells without using oxygen |
| cell cycle | sequence of growth and division of cells |
| interphase | stage of cell cycle before cell division |
| replication | makes copy of DNA in nucleus |
| mitosis | stage of cell cycle during which cell's nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei |
| chromosome | rod-shaped carries genetic info that controls inherited traits (eye color) |
| chromatid | one identical rod of a chromosome |
| cytokinesis | final stage of cell cycle - organelles distributed |
