| A | B |
|---|
| excitability | (irritability) respond to stimulus |
| contractility | shorten its length |
| extensibility | exyend or stretch |
| elasticity | return to original shape |
| skeletal | skeleton, voluntary |
| cardiac | heart, involuntary |
| visceral | uterus, involuntary |
| multi-unit | skin, involuntary |
| sarcolemma | muscle cell plazma membrane |
| sarcoplasm | muscle cytoplasm |
| thin myofilament | actin, tropomyosin, troponin |
| thick myofilament | myosin (cross bridges) |
| motor neuron | nerve cell that stimulates a muscle |
| neuromuscular junction | genral area of "contact" between a motor neuron and a muscle cell |
| motor end plate | muscle membrane directly under end of motor neuron |
| ach receptors | millions of ach receptors are located on the motor end plates |
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter secreted by motor neuron that trnsmits stimulus to motor end plate to muscle |
| subliminal | weak stimulus, no contraction |
| liminal | a stimulus that is strong enough to cause a muscle cell to contract |
| all or none | muscle fiber will contract all it can or it will not contact at all |
| twitch | rapid, singl contraction resulting from a single stimulus |
| treppe | later contractions are stronger |
| tetanic (complete tetanus) | rapid contractions, completely smooth myogram |
| tetanic (incomplete tetanus) | not so rapid contractions, incompletely smooth myogram |
| isotonic | results in movement |
| isometric | results in no movement |
| tonic | maintains muscle tone and posture |
| muscle | makes up 36-50% of the body's weight |
| slow oxidative | contracts slowly using aerobic processes,very fatigue resistant, used when maximum endurance is required |
| fast oxidative | contracts rapidly using aerobic processes,intermediate resistance to fatigue,used when moderate endurance is required |
| fast glycolytic | contracts rapidly using anaerobic processes,non-fatigue resistant,used for low-endurance,quick intense movements |
| spasm | short duration,painless twitch of a single muscle |
| cramp | longer duration,painful tetanic contraction |
| convulsion | violent contraction, whole groups of muscles |
| fibrillation | quivering,unsynchronized |
| tic | twitch typically psychological in origin |
| gangrene | tissue death from reduced blood supply |
| myosclerosis | hardening of muscle |
| skin splints | inflammation of periosteum and flexor digitorum |
| wryneck | abnormal,continuous contractions of the neck muscles |
| origin | attachment to stationary bone |
| insertin | attachment to moveable bones |
| lever | a rigid rod that moves about on a point called the fulcrum |
| fulcrum | a fixed point about which a lever moves |
| effort | a force applied to a lever to make the lever move |
| resistance | another force that acts upon a lever |
| first class lever | nodding head, fulcrum is in the middle |
| second class lever | standing on tiptoes,resistance is in the middle |
| third class lever | flexing forearm,effort is applied in the middle |
| prime mover (agonist) | the muscle primarily responsible for causing the desired movement |
| antagonist | muscles that oppose the prime mover, must relax |
| synergist | muscles that helps the prime mover |
| fixators | synergistic muscles that stablize the origin of the prime mover |
