| A | B |
|---|
| hydrogen bonds | responsible for cohesion and capillarity that water molecules display |
| polar molecule | molecule where one side is positive and the other negative |
| adenosine triphosphate | ATP-makes energy available for the cell |
| monomer | simple molecule |
| Polymer | two or more monomers bond to form a more complex molecule |
| hydrolysis | reaction where water is added |
| condensation | reaction where water is given off |
| organic compound | compound containing carbon covalently bonded to itself, and/or H, and/or O, and/orN |
| alcohol | an organic compound containing a hydroxyl group, OH-, attached to one of the carbons |
| functional group | a cluster of atoms which determines the characteristics of the compound |
| isomer | compounds with a single chemical formula but having different forms, like sugar |
| Carbohydrate | organic compound containing H, C, O in 1:2:1 ratio |
| disaccharide | double sugar, like sucrose |
| polysaccharide | complex sugar containing three or more sugar, like glycogen |
| Cellulose | polysaccharide found in plants which gives a plant its rigidity and strength |
| Protein | organic compound made of C, H, O and N |
| amino acid | the monomer building blocks of protein, there are 20 different types |
| R group | functional group attached to the amino acid which gives each type its identity |
| peptide bond | formed when two amino acids bond in a condensation reaction |
| enzymes | organic molecules that act as catalysts |
| substrate | the reactant being catalyzed by the enzyme |
| Lipids | non-polar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water |
| fatty acids | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids, at the end of each is a -COOH group |
| hydrophilic | "water loving" , or attracted to water, like the -COOH side of a fatty acid |
| hydrophobic | "water fearing", or tending not to interact with the water molecule, like the carbon chain of a fatty acid |
| saturated | each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other atoms |
| unsaturated | each carbon is not bonded to the maximum number of atoms, instead they form double bonds with the carbon chain |
| wax | a structural lipid that consists of a long fatty-acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain |
| steroids | lipids which are composed of 4 fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them |
| nucleic acid | very large organic molecule which stores information in the cell |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA, contains information essential for cell activities and division |
| ribonucleic acid | RNA, stores and transfers information esential for the manufacturing of proteins |
