| A | B |
| plateau | a flat elevated area of land |
| plain | an area of flat open land |
| city-state | a self-governing unit made up of a city and its surrounding villages and farmland |
| administrator | a person who manages or directs a government or organization |
| artisan | a worker who is skilled in making a particular product by hand |
| epic | a long poem about a hero |
| nomad | one of a group of people who migrate with their flocks and herds, moving with the seasons to find pasture and water |
| polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| pictograph | picture-writing; a picture that stands for a word or idea |
| cuneiform | wedge-shaped characters made with reed stylus and used in writing several ancient languages |
| scribe | a professional writer or record keeper |
| empire | a nation and the other nations it has conquered; a political unit often made up of sveral nationsu nder one authority |
| code | any organized set of laws or rules |
| exile | enforced absence from one's country |
| astronomer | a scientist who observes and studies celestial bodies such as the stars and planets |