| A | B |
|---|
| The accusative case: | is all about the direct object |
| The active voice is when | John hit the ball. |
| The passive voice is when | John was hit by the ball. |
| An affix is either: | a prefix or a suffix. |
| Algorithm: | an explicit, step-by-step program |
| Aphasia is the loss or impairment | of language abilities following brain damage. |
| ASL | American Sign Language |
| Bottom-up and top-down have to | do with perceptual processing. |
| Complement: a phrase that appears | together with a verb. |
| Consonant: a phoneme produced | with a blockage or constriction. |
| Content words | express concepts. |
| Function words specify specific | information such as tense or case. |
| Deep Structure: | look up Naom Chomsky |
| Diphthong: a vowel consisting | of two vowels in succession. |
| Ellipsis: | omission of a phrase. |
| Empiricism: emphasizes learning | over innate structure. |
| Finite-state device | see chaining device |
| Generative linguistics is associated | with Naom Chomsky |
| Gerund: a noun formed from a | verb by adding -ing. |
| Indo-European is thought to stem from | an ancient Indian language family |
| Latin and Russian are both | inflecting languages. |
| Intonation: the melody | or pitch contour of speech. |
| Lexical entry: information about | a word's: sound, meaning, syntactics |
| Modal: a kind of auxiliary: | can, should, could, will, ought, might |
| Morphemes: the smallest meaningful | pieces into which a word can be cut. |
| Morphology is all about | morphemes. |
| Parsing:mental processes involved | in sentence comprehension. |
| A participle cannot stand alone; | it needs to be with an auxiliary or other verb. |
| Phoneme: units of sound strung | together to form a morpheme. |
| Phonology involves the | environment of the word. |
| Pragmatics: how language is used | in a social context. |
| Prepositions: comprise words with | spatial or temporal relationships. |
| Prosody: the overall sound contour | with which a word is pronounced. |
| Root: the most basic morpheme | in a word or family of related words. |
| Semantics specify the meaning of: | morpheme, word, phrase or sentence. |
| Stop consonant: airflow is completely blocked | for a moment: p, t, k, b, d, g. |
| syllables are pronounced as a | unit. |
| Syntax: simplistically | word order. |
| Japanese, Korean and Polish | are syntactically similar. |
| Universal Grammar: underlies | the grammars of all human languages. |
| Voiced: vocal folds vibrate such | as in: b, d, g, z, v. |
| Voiceless: the vocal folds are not | engaged such as in: p, t, k, s. |
