| A | B |
|---|
| evidence | anything that establishes a fact or gives us reasons to believe |
| reasoning | the process of thinking anddrawing conclusiions about the evidence |
| logic | the science of reasoning - uses a system of rules to help you think correctly during the process |
| induction | thinking about specific circumstances & making a generalization |
| case study | a special type of inductive reasoning; allows you to analyze a "typical example" |
| sign | we sraw conclusions about a situation based on physical evidence |
| analogy | an illustration in which the characteristics of a familiar object or event are used to explain or describe the characteristics of a less familiar objec or event. |
| deduction | counterpart to inductive; moves from generalizations to specific instances |
| premise | statements on which reasoning is based |
| syllogism | consists of 2 premises and a conclusion |
| fallacy | errors in reasoning or mistaken beliefs |
| hasty generalization | occurs b/c the sample chosen is too small or is not representative |
| false premise | error in deduction |
| circumstantial evidence | the evidence at hand (smoking guns?) |
| causality | one event forces the other to occur |
| correlation | a claim that 2 events are related in some way |
| false analogy | compares 2 things that are not really the same |
| ignoring the question | diverting audience attention to another subject |
| begging the question | when the argument assumes that whaterver you are trying to prove is true |
