| A | B |
|---|
| valence electrons | electrons in outer shell of an atom |
| kernel | the atom nix the valence electrons |
| When are chemical bonds formed? | When atoms transfer or share electrons. |
| ionic bonding | transfer of electrons between atoms |
| covalent bonding | sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Ionic bonding involves _______ changes. | exothermic |
| Covalent bonding sometimes involves ________ changes. | endothermic |
| When metals react with nonmetals ______ are formed. | bonds |
| What is the goal of every atom? | to have a full outer shell |
| Metals lose their valence electrons to form ______ ions. | positive |
| Nonmetals gain enough electrons to fill their outer shell to form ______ ions. | negative |
| chemical formula | describes the comparison of a compound using symbols and subscriptions |
| empirical formula | the chemical formula reduced to lowest terms |
| cation | positive ion |
| antion | negative ion |
| Are Cations smaller or larger than their atom? | smaller |
| Are antions smaller or larger than their atom? | larger |
| molecule | the smallest particle of a molecular substance |
| Which type of bonding produces molecules? | covalent |
| 2 metals or nonmetals combine to produce molecules? | nonmetals |
| molecular formula | describes the compostition of a molecule |
| ______ are formed by covalent bonding and are represented by molecular formulas. | Molecules |
| Formula units are formed by ______ bonding and are represented by empirical formulas. | ionic |
| Nonpolar Covalent Bond | a bond in which 2 like metallic atoms share a pair of electrons equally |
| Polar Covalent Bond | a bond in which 2 different atoms share electrons unequally |
| Ionic bond | a bond in which electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal |
| electronegativity | a measure of an atoms ability to attract a pair of electrons |
| electronegativity ____ as it goes across and _____ as it goes down | increases, decreases |
| ______ have high electronegativity and ______ have low. | Nonmetals, metals |
| electronegativity difference = 0, what type of bond? | nonpolar covalent |
| electronegativity difference = .1-1.6, what type of bond? | polar covalent |
| electronegativity difference = >1.7, what type of bond | ionic bonding |
| Group 1 metals have a charge of ____. | +1 |
| Group 2 metals have a charge of ____. | +2 |
| Nonmetals have a charge of _____ if they are last in the formula. | -1 |
| Sulfur is ____ if it comes last in the formula. | -2 |
| Compounds are ______. | neutral |
| If all bonds are nonpolar than the molecule is ______. | nonpolar |
| If a molecule has one polar covalent bond than the molecule is_____. | polar |
| If a molecule has 2 or more bonds unsymmetrically arranged, the molecule is ____. | polar |
| If a molecule has 2 or more bonds symmetrically arranged, the molecule is ____. | nonpolar |
| resonance | 2 or more structural formulas can be drawn for the same molecule |
| oxidation #'s | tells whether the electrons are transferred or shared |
