| A | B |
|---|
| distance | meters (m) |
| mass | grams (g) |
| tempature | C, f, K absloute zero |
| time | seconds (s) |
| area | m squared |
| volume | meters cubed |
| density | mall/volume g/l g/m3 |
| velocity | distance/time (m/s) |
| liquid volume | liters (l) |
| force | newtons (N) |
| pressure | pascals (pa) |
| energy | joules (j) |
| power | walts (W) |
| unit | 10 (1) |
| deca | 10 one (10) |
| hecto | 10 two (100) |
| kilo | 10 three (1000) |
| mega | 10 six (1000,000) |
| giga | 10 nine (1000,000,000) |
| deci | 10-1 (1/10) |
| centi | 10-2 (1/100) |
| mili | 10 -3 (1/1000) |
| micro | 10-6 (1/milli) |
| nano | 10-9 (1/bill) |
| pico | 10-12 (1/trill) |
| 10 drops = | 1 cm squared |
| 1 ml = | 1 gram water |
| 1 leter = | 1 kg water |
| 1m = | 1 meteric ton |
| biology is | the study of life |
| smallest | bacteria |
| largest | earth |
| indivual | fungus |
| features of life | energy from enviroment and a way to procees it , reproduce, celss fundemental unit of structure and function , respond to stimuli ,organized and adapt evovle |
| living things | 20/109+ elements |
| atoms | smalles unit of element that retains all of the properties of that element |
| protons | + |
| nuetrons | 0 |
| electrons | - |
| covalent bond | share elctrons (1 atom) |
| double covalent | share 2 atoms |
| ionic bond | give electrons strongest bond |
| living things mostly made up of | organic molecules |
| organic molecules must contain | carbon and hydrogen |
| inorganic will not cotain | carbon |
| monomers | 1 small organic molecule |
| mono | one |
| poly | more then one |
| carbohydrates | sugars starches cellutiose |
| lipids | fats oils waxes steroids |
| nucleic acids | DNA/ RNA |
| proteins | muscels silk hair tendons hormones and enzymes |
| lipids | hydrocarcon chain |
| fatty acids | simplist form of lipids, form from condensation reaction ,3 fatty acids plus one glycerol resulting in a triglycerol + water |
| 1 fatty acid | 2 sugars |
| 3 fatty acids | 6 sugars |
| saturated fats | solids at room temp |
| unsaturated fats | liquids at room temp |
| phospholipid | similar to fats and oils , phospahte and nitrogen |
| steroids | unsoluble in water, 4 carbon rings, cholestrol most abundant type of steroid in body, used to mkae hormones,structer of the cell |
| monosacharides | simple single monomer sugars |
| glucose fructose | C6 H12 O6 |
| polysaccharides | (polymer) glycogen (2lbs found in liver) hard to digest |
| protein | 50 % of dry mass of animals/ bacteria built from monomers amino acids 20 amino acids |
| R group | identifies and names the amino acid |
| peptide bond | found between 2 amino acids |
| protein | 100-300 amino acids bonded with peptide acids |
| enzymes | protein ,speed up or initiate chemical reactions, catalyze |
| enzym helpers | co facotrs, inorganic zinc- iron |
| co-enzymes | are not used up during reactions enzymes r named according to there substances tehy work on |
| DNA | deoxyribo nucleic acid |
| RNA | ribo nucliec acid |
| DNA/ RNA both | polymeres |
| cytoplasm | organalls organs of teh cell |
| cytosol | fluid media inside cell 1/2 volume of cell 20% which is proteins |
| cyttoskeleton | protein fibers that give teh cell its support and shape |
| nuclues | most obvious organell house the genetic material |
| chromosomes | coiled dna, unusable |
| chromatin | uncoiled dna and usable |
| nucleous | dens area with in teh nucleus, site of ribosome synthesis |
| nuclear envelope (membrane) | nucler pores easy access in and out |
| ribosomes (rRNA) | smallest structures in a cell, 1/2 million on a cell makes proteins attach to amino acid bound to teh endoplasmis reticulum |
| prokaryate | cells without a nucleur membran also do not membrane bound organlles bacteria |
| eukaryote | cells with membrane bound nucleus and organalles all otehr cell found in this type |
| philli | holow protein strands |
| flayella | movement |
| membrane attachments | cells produce polysaccaride chains and proteins fibers 2 attach themselves2 adjacent cells |
| tight junction | attachment of plasma membranes of adjacent cells to prohibit molecules moving between cells (med. strong) |
| desmosome | strongest attachment found at sight of high mechanical stress |
| communication between cells | passage 2 chemicals or other substances between the cells communication .direct communication . gap juntion |
| passive transport | no energy used (move with gradient hight to low ) |
| active transport | energy used, low to hight against the gradients |
| endocytosis | engalging of large molecules 2 get them inside the cell , cell will form an "in pocket" 4 the larger molecules then pinch off the in pocket souranding the molecule with a portion of membrane forming a vacule |
| phagoeytosis | solid |
| pinocytosis | liquid |
| exocytosis | removal of large molecules from the cell form an out pocket |
| cholesterol | structure support |
| proteins | structure support gates metabolic sites receptor sites. |
| fluid mosiac model | goes back 2gether ,cell organalles organs of the cell |
| bacteria | no nuclues |
| endoplasmic reticulum | system of membraneous tunnels and sacs, the inside of the ERE is called lumer, usually located near teh nuclues and extends threw he cell 2 the cell membrane |
| rough ER | ribosomes bound to it , site protein synthesis |
| no ribosomes | smooth ER site lipid synthesis |
| golgi body | body complex |
| vacuole | fluid filled membrane sac also may contain solids .storage |
| lysosome | membrane sac that contains digestive enzymes made in the RE by ribosomes |
| cilia | short small structures found in bunches of all over the cell |
| flagella | long usually singuler usually used for locomotion |
| centrioles | found inpairs, each at right angles 2 each other seperate and move chromosomes |
| microtubials | thousandths of proteins mostly tubulius arranged in a tube |
| cell wall | plants only structure and suppost for plant |
| homeostasis | purpose function of cell |
| cell theory | all living things r made up of at least one cell , fundemental unit of living things cells come from cells |
| unicellular | one cell |
| multicellular | multiple cells |
| mitochondria | indivually large organalles produce ost of the cell energy(atp)site celluar resperation double membrane inner membrane has own DNA reproduce make sown proteins membranes |
| plastides | plants only 3 types produce food storage contains own DNA contains ribosomes reproduce membrane bound like mitochondria with internal membranes |
| chlorphyle | food production |
| chromoplast | pigment storage |
| amyloplast | food storage |
| oxidation reduction reactions | transfer of electrons from own substance to another oneo rmore electrons |
| exorgonic reactions | usually occuers in series of steps releas small amount of energy |
| ATP | main type of intermediat |
| ATP | adensive triphosat |
| atp | cases and releases energy |
| photosynthesis | biochemical process that allows plants 2 capture the suns energy then 2 store it as chemical potential energy in the bonds of carbohydrates |
| citical | waxy prevents water loss |
| epiderms | skin protects layer |
| palisiade | main site of photosynthesis |
| spongy layer | gas xchange temp storage |
| veins | water nutrient all products travel 2 the plant |
