| A | B |
|---|
| contains carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio | carbohydrates |
| water molecules stick to one another | cohesion |
| the reason that a large amount of energy is needed to raise the temperature of water | high specific heat |
| the change in H+ concentration when going from pH of 4 to 1 | 1000 |
| keep the pH of a substance from changing drastically | buffers |
| number of bonds that carbon forms | 4 |
| contain only hydrogens and carbons | hydrocarbons |
| differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms | structural isomers |
| are mirror images of each other | enantiomers |
| proteins contain this functional group | amino group |
| members of this functional group covalently bonds, forming cross-links in proteins that stabilize protein structure | sulfhydryl group |
| when the energy from ATP is released this molecule is formed | ADP |
| this process uses water to break apart polymers | hydrolysis |
| main source of quick energy | carbohydrates |
| the two main secondary structures that proteins form | alpha helix and beta pleated sheets |
| the reason that there are so many different types of proteins that can be formed | amino acids contain r-groups |
| the difference between starch in plants and glycogen in animals | starch is straight chained and glycogen is branched |
| unsaturated fats | don't contain as many hydrogen molecules as possible bonded to the carbon chain |
| molecule that can dissolve polar and ionic substances | water |
| the reason that DNA bases are hydrogen bonded to each other | so that the two chains can be separated for replication and transcription |
| the cell membrane is composed of these molecules | phopholipids |
| two factors that affect solubility | size and polarity |
| contain hydroxyl group | alcohols |
| compound has C=O at the end of a carbon chain | aldehyde |
| functional group that gives compounds acidic properties | carboxylic group(-COOH) |
| this functional group acts as a base | amino group |
| compound contains C=O in the middle of its carbon chain | ketone |
| for long term storage of energy | lipids |
| humans do not have the enzymes to digest this molecule | cellulose |
| the polarity of the phospholipid tail | nonpolar |
| functional group that affects the expression of genes | methyl group |
| bond that forms between amino acids when proteins are formed | peptide bonds |
| causes secondary structure of proteins | hydrogen bonding along polypeptide backbone |
| cause tertiary structure of proteins | hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, and hydrogen bonds between side cains |
| initial sequence of amino acids in a chain | primary structure |
| when polypeptide units aggregate to form functional protein | quarternary structure |
| unfolding of a protein | denaturation |
| complementary DNA bases | adenine and thymine, cytosine and guanine |
| synthesized by DNA | messenger RNA |
| RNA contain this base instead of thymine | uracil |
| cytosine and thymine | pyrimidines |
| adenine and guanine | purines |
| type of sugar contained in RNA | ribose |
| structure of DNA | double helix |
| process by which DNA is copied | semiconservative replication |
| nucleotides connected in a single chain | RNA |
