| A | B |
|---|
| nutrient | substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy |
| metabolism | the chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy |
| calorie | the measurement of the amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down |
| carbohydrate | nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; supply energy for your body's functions |
| fiber | a type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants |
| fat | made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; supplies your body with energy, forms your cells, maintains body temperature, and protects your nerves |
| unsaturated fat | at least one unsaturated bond in a place where hydrogen can be added to the molecule; usually liquid at room temperature |
| saturated fat | have all the hydrogen the carbon atoms can hold; usually solid at room temperature |
| cholesterol | a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products |
| trans fat | made when manufacturers add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetable oils |
| protein | nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; play an important role in the growth and repair of your body's tissues |
| amino acid | smaller "links" that are bound together chemically that make proteins |
| vitamin | nutrients that are made by living things, are required only in small amounts, and assist many chemical reactions in the body |
| antioxidant | vitamins that help protect healthy cells from the damage caused by the normal aging process as well as from certain types of cancer |
| mineral | nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil |
| anemia | a medical condition caused by a lack of iron |
| homeostasis | the process of maintaining a steady state inside your body |
| electrolyte | dissolved substances that regulate many processes in your cells |
| dehydration | a serious reduction in the body's water content; caused by heavy perspiring or severe diarrhea |
| Dietary Guidelines for Americans | a document developed by nutrition experts to promote health and help people reduce their risk for heart disease, cancer, and diabetes through diet and physical activity |
| nutrient-dense foods | contain lots of vitamins and minerals relative to the number of calories |
| MyPyramid plan | groups foods according to types and indicates how much of each type should be eaten daily for a healthy diet |
