| A | B |
|---|
| gametes | an organism's reproductive cells, such as sperm or egg cells |
| binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction in bacteria |
| gene | a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule |
| chromosome | at the beginning of cell division, DNA coils into this structure; carries genetic information |
| chromatids | the two exact copies of DNA that make up a chromosome |
| centromere | the point at which two chromosomes are attached |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that are similar in size, shape and genetic content |
| diploid (2n) | when a cell contains two sets of chromosomes |
| haploid (n) | when a cell contains only one set of chromosomes |
| karyotype | a photo of chromosomes in a dividing cell, arranged by size |
| zygote | the first cell of a new individual in a newly fertilized egg |
| autosomes | chromosomes not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual |
| sex chromosomes | chromosomes that contain genes that will determine the sex of the individual |
| cell cycle | the repeated sequence of growth and division during the life of a cell |
| interphase | the first three phases of the cell cycle |
| mitosis | the process in which the nucleus of the cell divides into two nuclei |
| cytokinesis | the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides |
| cancer | the uncontrolled division of cells |
| sexual reproduction | requires egg and sperm |
| asexual reproduction | gametes (sex cells) are not required for reproduction |
