| A | B |
|---|
| absolute monarchy | ruler has total control of state, does not consult w/ other people or their representatives |
| europeans had little contact w/ other parts of the world | before the 1400's |
| technological advances | astrolabe, compass, maps |
| 1400-1750 | commercial revolution |
| political changed | monarchies financed voyages for colonization to gain riches + become more powerful |
| mercantilism | countries gov't should do all it can to increase wealth; take away from another country |
| subsidies | gov't grant of $; encouraged certain industries |
| Medigy family | Italians |
| Prince Henry the navigator | portugese, hoped to acquire gold +start crusade against muslims in Africa |
| Prestor Jon | Prince Henry the navigator's friend |
| Prince Henry the navigator got... | islands, slaves, gold + ivory |
| Bartholomew Diaz | sailed around Cape of Good Hope; found route to Indian Ocean |
| Vascow Dagama | sailed beyond Cape of... landed in India, returned w/ spices +jewels |
| made it so you could go directly from asia instead of Arab +Italian merchants | Vascow Dagamoa |
| August of 1492 | 3 small ships landed in Sansalvador(east coast of India) |
| CC named inhabitants of Sansalvador the... | Indies |
| Columbian exchange | interaction between new +old world |
| Columbian products | plants, animals and diseases(small pox) |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | between Spain + Portugal-moved line further west |
| africa, brazil, east indies | portugal |
| Spain | most of central +south america, along phillipines |
| Vespucci | navigator from Florence; took part in several spanish + portugal |
| Vespucci | didn't think America was Asia |
| Debalboa | crossed Isthmus of Panama-- claimed for Spain |
| Maggelin | proved America was not America--found pacific ocean |
| Brazil | sugar (portugal) |
| Dutch | leading naval power; started slavery--took over East Indies |
| who else became involved in slave trade? | English +French |
| middle passage | chained slaves in ships, many died |
| why Portugal declined: | gov't had spent too much money on sea voyages to distant colonies + governing took away best men, shipwrecks |
| spain | ignored Portugese colonies |
| Dutch +English | take over Asia trade |
| Juan Sabastian | led Magellins crew |
| favorable balance of trade | exporting more than you're importing |
| tariff | tax on imported goods |
| Marco Polo- | walked |
| 1488 | Cape of Good Hope |
| Portugal Gov't | subsidized in shipping |
| Vasco Da Gama | followed Diaz's trail to India |
| Magellin | first to travel around world |
| Balboa | found Pacific, caled for spain but didn't name it |
| Portugal Empire collapses | gov't weak+unorganized; didn't put governors on colonies--not wealthy enough |
| started slave trade | Portugese |
| King Henry 5th | huguenot; converted to catholicism when became king. |
| King Henry 5th | issued edict of Nates(freedom of worship) |
| King henry 5th | worked to restore france's central gov't +tried to discipline the army |
| tax farming | selling the right to collect taxes to private individuals |
| tax farmers | paid gov't all they could, kept surplus |
| didn't pay taxes | clergy +nobles |
| Duke of Sully | put in charge of finances |
| Duke of Sully | stoped certain tax collection abuses, but still taxed peasants |
| Louis 13th | mom ruled for him cuz he was on throne-age 8, cardinal Richelieu |
| Cardinal Richelieu | Louis' chief minister, wanted to make him the king supreme of France+France supreme of europe |
| Cardinal Richelieu | 1st sent out to destroy hugenots |
| Cardinal Richelieu | kept France trading, planned to reduce Spain's power |
| Cardinal Richelieu | didn't like huguents-states w/ in a state |
| Cardinal Richelieu | lowered nobels by ordering them to level their castles +reduce political power |
| 30 yrs. war | religious conflicts between catholics+protestants |
| 30 years war | began in 1618-protestant rebels threw 2 emissaries from castle window |
| Treaty of Westphalia | recognized Netherlands+Switzerland as independant, weakened Habsburgs |
| The fronde | series of nobel rebellions against powerful royals |
| Louis 14th | built palace of Versailles, citizens got mad-wasting money |
| Louis 14th | beleived in Divine Right of Kings (god had ordained him to govern France) |
| Louis 14th | "the sun" |
| intendants | regional administrators of a french province |
| Who won the 30 yrs, war? | France |
| Louis 14th | granted gov't subsidies to private companies to build new industries |
| Louis 14th | put tariffs on imports, improved transportation |
| Louis 14th | encouraged France to trade w/ Canada |
| Louis 14th | revoked Edict of Nates, believed Huguenots disturbed unity of country, protestants fled |
| Marquis de Louvois | military genius-Louis's secretary of state |
| balance of powers | the maintenance of an equilibrium in international politics |
| Netherlands, English, ASpain, Austria +Germany | against French |
| Dutch | (capitalists) were good traders, didn't build empire fast-not intersted in acquiring people +land |
| Dutch | respected other people, weren't interested in converting other people into christianity |
| Henry 4th | first Bourbon ruler of France |
| Henry 4th | unites France under 1 ruler, before it was different rulers |
| Henry 4th | stabbed by crazy monk and dies |
| Cardinal Richelieu | ends huguenots political power, can still worship |
| Cardinal Richelieu | enforces central gov't in Bourbons |
| Cardinal Richeliue | no more farm taxing, all done through king |
| Treaty of Westphalia | Switzerland +Netherlands become independent, France gains Holy roman empire |
| France wins, Hapburgs-no more power, Borubons powerful now | 30 year war |
| 1400 | Portugal |
| 1500 | Spain |
| 1600 | France |
| 1700 | England |
| Jacques Cartier | claimed eastern Canada by St. Lawrence River |
| Robert LaSalle | sails down Mississippi, claims land for King Louis 14th--Louisiana |
| Samuel Champlain | builds settlement in modern day Quebec |
| Spanish Armada | sent to England to defeat Queen Elizabeth--England wins |
| turning point (Spanish Armada) | Spain no longer major power, protestant religion survives |
| John Cabot | explored New England; then pilgrims arrived+started settlements-13 colonies |
| Henry Hudson | explored eastern canada |
| England defeats France+gains Canadian territory except for... | Quebec |
| Northwest Passage | from Atlantic to Pacific-DOES NOT EXIST (finally Panama canal) |
| Slavery grows in Americas | they need them for tobacco |
| tobacco | first major cash crop |
| India will help GB fight Nazi's if... | GB gives them their independence @ end of war |
| Mongol Rule | Ghangus Khan-kills millions |
| Mongol Rule | does not stay in 1 place, when bored moves on |
| Ivan the terrible | unites Russia into becoming a nation--a dictator |
| Romanov family dynasty | only family to rule over russia (Michaels) |
| Peter the great | Czar, wanted to expand Russia so they had warm water ports-St. Petersburg |
