| A | B |
|---|
| atom | simplest particle of an element that retains all properties of that element |
| atomic number | number of protons in an atom |
| bond | chemical attraction between atoms |
| chemical reaction | process of breaking chemical bonds forming new bonds or both |
| compound | a pure substance that is made up of atoms or 2 or more elements |
| covalent bond | bond formed by sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms |
| electron | negatively charged particle |
| element | substance that ordinarily cannot be broken down chemically to form simpler kinds of matter |
| energy level | area around the nucleus in which electrons move |
| ion | atom or compound with a net electrical charge |
| ionic bond | bond formed by electrical attration between 2 opposing charged ions |
| mass | fundamental property of an object generally regarded as equivalent ot the amount of matter in an object |
| matter | anything that occupies space and has mass |
| molecule | chemical structure composed of 1 or more atoms |
| neutron | neurtally charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| nucleus | core of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| proton | subatomic particle with + charge |
| activation energy | amount of energy for a chemical reaction to start and to contiune on its own |
| catalyst | chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction but not a reactant |
| endergonic reaction | chemical reaction involves a net gain of free energy |
| energy | ability to do work or cause change |
| enzyme | a catalyst usually a protein |
| exergonic reaction | chemical reaction involves a net release of free energy |
| free energy | energy in a system available for work |
| oxidation reaction | reaction in which the reactant loses one or more electrons becoming more postive in charge |
| product | compound formed by a chemical reaction |
| reactant | compound or atom involved in a chemical reaction |
| redox reaction | reduction-oxidation reaction in which electrons are transferred between atoms |
| reduction reaction | chemical reaction in which reactant gains one or more electrons and becomes more negative |
| state | solid,liquid, or gas detemined by the rate which atoms or molecules move |
| acid | substance that increases the H+ concentration when added to water |
| alkaline | base |
| aqueous solution | solution in which water is the solvent |
| base | substance that increases OH+ concentration when added to water |
| buffer | chemical reactions that neutralize small amounts of acids or bases added to a solution |
| concentration | measurement of the amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of a solvent |
| dissociation | separating a molecule into simpler molecules, atoms, radicals or ions |
| hydronium ion | H3O+ |
| hydroxide ion | OH- |
| pH scale | numeric range that quantifies the relative concentration of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution |
| saturated solution | solution inwhich no more solute can dissolve |
| solute | substance dissolved in a solution |
| solution | mixture in which one or more substances are niformly dissolved in another substance |
| solvent | in a solution the substance in which a solute is dissolved |
