| A | B |
|---|
| What were the environmental challenges for the Sumerians? | unpredictable flooding, small region, limited resources |
| What advantages did living in cities offer the people of ancient Mesopotamia? | opportunity for wealth, diversity of work, laws, government assistance, better housing, protection(city walls & army), temple, social contact |
| Why was silt so important to the inhabitants of Mesopotamia? | a new bed of fertile soil each year, it produced surplus harvests and allowed villiages to grow |
| How did the Sumerians overcome their lack of resources? | through trade |
| What is an epic? | a long heroic poem that tells the story of a historical or legendary figure |
| How does an empire differ from a city-state? | a city-state only controls a city and the surrounding territory-and empire controls many people, nations, or states |
| How did Hammurabi's law code advance civilization? | established a uniform law code for all groups in the empire and the government had a responsibility to citizens |
| Why did Egyptians used mummification? | helped preserve the body for use in the afterlife |
| How does mummification reflect their religious beliefs? | provided a body in which the ka or eternal spirit, could reside |
| How was the Nile important in Egypt's history? | provided fertile soil, a predictable growing season, and easy transportation within the country |
| How is the desert important to Egypt's history? | limited outside contact but also prevented invasions |
| What were environmental benefits of the Indus Valley? | rivers, fertile plain, high mountains |
| What were environmental drawbacks of the Indus Valley? | monsoons, cycle of wet and dry seasons, unpredictable floods |
| How did writing help unite China? | people whose spoken languages were different could read the written language |
| Sumerian cities were surrounded by fields of what crops? | wheat and barley |
| What tecnologies did the Mesopotamians have? | system of writing, arithmetic, geometry, number system, the wheel, the sail, the plow |
| Upper Egypt | southern, skinny strip of land |
| Lower Egypt | northern, Nile delta region |
| Describe ancient Egyptian rulers | kings were gods (called pharaohs), center of Egypt's religion, government, and army, ruled in a theocracy |
| What did the people of the Indus Valley include when planning a city? | plumbing and sewage, residential areas, fortified areas |
| When did people begin to settle in the Indus River Valley? | 2500 BC |
| Which river was important to ancient Chinese people? | Huang He (yellow) |
| Who owned the msot land in Chinese society? | noble families |
| What are the religious beliefs of the ancient Chinese? | spirits of family ancestors bring good fortune or disaster and consult the gods, supreme god Shang Di, used oracle bones |
| What are the achievments of the ancient Egyptians? | written numbers, hieroglyphics, geometry, pyramids, stone columns, accurate calendar, medicine |
| What two major rivers are found within the Fertile Crescent? | Tigris and Euphrates |
| When did the Sumerians arrive in Mesopotamia? | 3500 BC |
| What were the three disadvantages that the Sumerians faced in Mesopotamia? | flooding, size, resources |
| How many laws did Hammurabi create? | 282 |
| How long is the Nile River? | 4100 miles |
| Egypt had several enviornmental challenges, but what kept Egyptians close to the river? | the desert |
| Which dynasty begins the time period that historians call the Old Kingdom? | Third Dynasty |
| What was the name of the chariot riders who ended the Middle Kingdom? | Hyksos |
| What mountains separate South Asia from the rest of the continent? | Hindu, Kush, Kankuram, Himalayes |
| What challenge did the people of the Indus Valley have that the people of Mesopotamia and Egypt did not? | Wet and dry seasons |
| When did human settlements begin in India? | no one knows |
| What made the cities found in the Indus River Valley unique? | they were planned |
| Where did the civilizations of China begin? | near a major river system |
| How much of China's landscape is made up of mountains and deserts? | 2/3 |
| What was China's first dynasty called? | Xia |
| In the early Chinese society a persons chief loyalty is to what? | the family |
| Who declared herself Pharoah in 1432 BC? | Hatesheput |
| What was located south of Egypt? | Nubia |
| Who was the last great Egyptian Pharoah? | Ramses II |
| What Pharoah ruled in Golden Age? | Thutmose III |
| What Pharoah was a non Egyptian king? | Piankhi |
| What kingdom was long-dominated by Egypt? | Kush |
| What was the land of Kush? | Nubia |
| What city was located next to the Red Sea? | Mero |
| What was the capital of Assyria? | Nineveh |
| Who was the most memorable leader of the Assyrians? | Shinnekirib |
| Who was a prophet and a religious performer? | Zoarster |
| What is another name for regional governors? | Satraps |
| Who is a son of a ruler? | canbysis |
| Who built up Persian religions? | Syrus |
| Who led 10,000 immortals to help take power? | Darius |
