| A | B |
|---|
| Polar Molecule | electrons are unevenly shared between the atoms, thereby creating a positive side and a negative side |
| Hydrogen Bonds | bonds responsible for the cohesion and capillarity properties displayed by water molecules |
| Organic Molecules | molecules of life, which contain carbon atoms and atoms of H, O, and N |
| Carbon Atoms | form four covalent bonds with other atoms, but can also bond to one another |
| Monomers | a simple molecule of a substance |
| Polymer | complex molecule formed by a condensation reaction when two or more monomers are joined together |
| Hydrolysis | adding water to a reaction to create two or more monomers |
| ATP | adenine triphosphate, makes energy available to the cell |
| Hydroxyl Group | functional group OH-, which when attached to a an organic compound forms an alcohol |
| Monosaccharide | a monomer of carbohydrate |
| Carbohydrate | organic compound composed of C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio |
| Disaccharide | double sugar like sucrose |
| Polysaccharide | more than two sugars combined in a complex pattern |
| Protein | an organic compound formed from amino acids |
| Amino Acid | a central carbon atom to which four functional groups are attached |
| Peptide Bonds | bonds connecting amino acids |
| Polypeptide | long chain of amino acids |
| Enzymes | catalysts that act in living things, made of proteins |
| Lipids | made up of fatty acids, organic molecules that have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end, three types are triglycerides, phospholipids and waxes |
| Hydrophilic | "water loving" part of a fatty acid, where the -COOH group is located |
| Hydorphobic | "water fearing" part of a fatty acid, the hydrocarbon tail |
| Saturated Lipids | fats which have no double bonds between their carbon atoms, solid at room temperature like shortening |
| Unsaturated Lipids | fats which have one or more pairs of carbon atoms joined by double bonds, liquid at room temperature like vegetable oil |
| Nucleic Acids | organic molecules that store genetic information in the cell |
| Phospholipids | lipid formed by two fatty acids joined by a molecule of glycerol, found in the cell membrane |
| Triglycerides | lipid formed by three fatty acids joined to one molecule of alcohol glycerol, as in shortening, plant seeds |
| Waxes | a structural lipid consisting of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain, highly waterproof, earwax, coating on a plant's leaf |
| Steroids | unlike other lipids, not composed of fatty acids, instead they are four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them, cholesterol is a steroid |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid, contains information that is essential for almost all cell activities, including cell division |
| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid, stores and transfers informatin that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins |
| Nucleotides | monomers which combine to make up DNA and RNA, each is composed of a phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogen base |
