| A | B |
|---|
| Apprentice | Unpaid worker being trained in a trade. |
| Chivalry | The noble qualities of knights |
| Clergy | People who serve the church |
| Excommunicate | To prevent someone from participating in church life |
| Feudalism | A system of power in Europe where kings held power, then nobles, knights and last were the serfs. |
| Guild | Union of all the towns people who have the same job |
| Magna Carta | Agreement between King John of England and his nobles to limit the king"s power |
| Manor | Large estate owned by lord |
| Medieval | From the Middle Ages |
| Middle Ages | 500 AD to 1500 AD in Europe |
| Nation | Large community or area that shares a single government |
| Parliament | Council that advises the king or queen of England on Government matters |
| Self-sufficient | Person who can supply everything they need for themselves ( grow own food, make own clothes, make and repair own tools) |
| Serf | Person considered part of the land |
| Vassal | Person who swears loyalty to a lord |
| Fief | Land given in exchange for service |
| Pope | Spiritual leader of Roman Catolic Church |
| Secular | Not having to do with religion |
| Crusades | Holy wars to gain control over "Holy Land" from 1100 to 1300 AD |
| Holy Land | Location of sacred sites of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in Jerusalem |
| Plague | AKA Black Death, highly fatal bacterial infection caught from rat borne fleas. |
| Dark Ages | Early Medieval Times in Europe marked by ignorance. |
| Renaissance | Rebirth of knowledge in Europe that began after the Crusades. |
| Heresy | A belief or deed that was considered contrary to Church doctrine |
| Inquisition | Long period of persecution, torture, or execution of heretics |
| Heretic | One who practices heresy. |
| Trial by ordeal | Use of torture to gain confessions. |
| Galileo | Scientist punished for the heresy of saying the Earth goes around the sun. |
| Earth-centered universe | View that the Earth is the center of the universe. |
| Moors | Muslims from North Africa who lived in Spain during the MIddle Ages. |
| Muslim | A beleiver in Islam. |
| Judaism | A religion based beliefs and practices found in the Old Testament and explored by the Talmud |
| Talmud | A book of Jewish religious rules and practices. |
| Persecution | Mistreatment of a group by another group |
| Torture | Use of pain or suffering to obtain information or confessions. |
| Humanistic | Renaissance philosophy that valued use of the mind. and rational thought. |
| Merchant | One who trades in products that others make. |
| Craftsman | One with skills to make products. |
| Jerusalem | Ancient holy city of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, found in modern Israel. |
| Scribe | One who makes handwritten copies of books. |
| Johannes Gutenburg | Inventor of movable type, printing press |
| Profit motive | The desire to gain profit |
| Mercantilism | An economy based on trade. |
| Agrarian | An economy based on agriculture |
| Scholarship | Engaging in activities to further the advance of knowledge. |
| Ottoman Turks | Dynasty that ruled Turkey and much of Middle East form 1453 t0 1923 |
| Theocracy | Government dominated by religion |
| Koran | Sacred text of Islam containin teaching revealed to the prophet Mohammed. |
