| A | B |
|---|
| Therapeutic Effect | Desired effect, or the reason the drug is administered? |
| Side Effects | Desirable or undesirable drug effects that are not part of the treatment goal? |
| Local Effects | Having an effect in the immediate area of administration? |
| Drug Action | Refers to the chemical changes the drug produces in cells and tissues? |
| Systemic Effects | Having an effect throughout the body? |
| Adverse reactions? | The body has an unexpected or dangerous response to a drug. These unexpected conditions are called? |
| Idiosyncrasy | Opposite of expected effect? |
| Tolerance | Lessened effect when more than one drug taken? |
| Cumulation | Drug builds up in the body? |
| Synergism | Stronger effect when more than one drug taken? |
| Antagonism | Weaker effect when more than one drug taken? |
| Physical Dependence | Physiological need for a drug, (body craves drug)? |
| Psychological Dependence | Psychological craving for a drug (mind craves drug)? |
| Drug Abuse | Refers to self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities resulting in physical or psychological dependence? |
| Drug Misuse | Overuse or careless use of any drug, including alcohol? |
| Allergy | Reaction of the body cell to a foreign substance to which it has previously developed antibodies? |
| Overdose | Drug dose that is too large for a person’s age, size or physical condition? |
| Toxicity | Drug poisoning? |
| Parenteral | Involves injecting a medication into the body with a needle and syringe. |
| Liver | Most of the detoxification of drugs takes place in which? |
| Kidneys | Most drugs leave the body through which? |
| Four Drug Actions | Destroy, Replace, Depress and Stimulate |
| Diet, Size, Age | Some factors affecting drug action. |
| Intravenous | This type of administration avoids the process of absorption, given when immediate effect is desired, in emergency situations and when large volumes need to be administered, e.g. IV infusions. The fastest route. |
| Intradermal | A drug or substance is injected into the dermis (outer layer of skin) using a fine needle. |
| Topical | For local effects on skin and mucous membrane of eye, ear, nose, mouth. |
| Vaginal | Medication given into the vagina. |
| Distribution | How the drug gets to where it needs to go? |
| Metabolism/Biotransformation | How the drug makes changes? |
| Excretion | How the drug gets out? |
| Absorption | The movement of the drug from the site of administration, through tissues, and into the bloodstream. |
| PO | Safest and most convenient route, but slowest absorption especially after a big meal. |
| Sublingual | Given under the tongue into a mucus membrane. |
| Buccal | Given in the cheek into a mucus membrane. |
| Rectal | This route is used when patients are unable to take oral medications and the parenteral route is not indicated, also for local effects. Suppositories are often given by this route. |
| Transdermal | Medication is absorbed through the skin. |
| Subcutaneous | Medication is absorbed though the fatty tissue. |
| Intramuscular | Medication is given through a needle into the muscle. |
| Inhalation | For local effects within respiratory tract. |
| Intravenous | This type of administration avoids the process of absorption, given when immediate effect is desired, in emergency situations and when large volumes need to be administered, e.g. IV infusions. The fastest route. |
