| A | B |
|---|
| developmental psychology | the study of the changes that occur in people from birth to old age |
| zygote | conception to 2 weeks |
| embryo | developing human between 2 weeks and 3 months |
| fetus | developing human between 3 months and birth |
| placenta | organ that nourishes developing newborn |
| critical period | time when certain internal and external influences have a major effect on development |
| rooting reflex | baby turns it's head toward something touching its check |
| sucking reflex | newborn sucks on objects placed in its mouth |
| swallowing reflex | newborns swallow without choking |
| grasping reflex | allows newborns to close their fists around things |
| stepping reflex | newborn takes steps when they are held upright and their feet touch a surface |
| temperment | describes the physical/emotional chaacteristics of the newborn child and young infant |
| types of temperment | easy, difficult, slow to warm up/shy |
| newborn vision | fuzzy, prefers faces and black and white visuals |
| visual cliff | whows that infants of crawling age (6 months) can perceive depth |
| newborn sound | can hear in womb, prefers mothers voice, rhythm |
| developmental norms | ages by which an average child achieves various developmental milestones |
| infant physical development | fast growth until 1 year... then slow until adolescence. baby born with 3/4 of adult brain. |
| jean piaget | studied cognitive development |
| sensory motor stage | birth- 2 years newborns explor the world by using all 5 senses... develops object permanence |
| object pemanence | concept that things continue to exist even when they are out of sight |
| preoperational stage | 2-7 years... use mental representations and language to describe, remember, and reason about the world |
| egocentric | unable to see things from anothers point of view |
| concrete operational stage | 7-11 years... can do more that one thing at a time and understand someones else's point of view, thinking is limited to concrete matters |
| formal operational stage | 11-15 years... individual becomes capable of abstract thought |
| Lawrence Kohlberg | studied the theories of moral development |
| babbling | babys language that consists of repetition of consonanat-vowel combinations |
| holophrases | one word sentences, commonly used by children under 2 years |
| Language acquisition device | theory of Noam Chomsky that says that language is "wired into" all humans |
| imprinting | newborn animals will follow the first moving thing is sees after its born |
| attachment | emotional bond that develops in the first year fo life that makes human babies cling to their caregivers for safety and comfort |
| socialization | process by which children learn the behaviors and attitudes appropriate to their family and their culture |
| solitary play | plays alone |
| parallel play | plays side by side at the same activities. paying little or no attention to each other |
| cooperative play | two or more children engaged in play that requires interaction |
| peer groups | network of same-aged friends who give emotional and social support |
| gender identity | a littles girls knowledge that she is a girl, and a boys knowledge that he is a boy |
| gender constancy | child realizes gender cannot be changed |
| gender roles | what behavior is appropriate for each gender |
| gender stereotypes | what characteristics society associates to gener |
| media and television | impacts children positively and negatively |
| placenta | organ whic an embryo or fetus attaches to the mothers uterus and feeds the baby |
| amniotic sac | water sac that surrounds and protects the baby in the uterus |
| ambilical cord | connnects the baby to the mother. |
| conception | when a sperm and egg meet |
| 1st Trimester | 1-3 months. Concidered the "critical period" because babys brain and organs are forming |
| 2nd Trimester | 3-6 months. Looks like a human. Eyes, fingers forming |
| 3rd Trimester | 6-9th month. Baby is capible of living on it's own |
| teratogens | harmful toxin substances that can harm the embryo fetus during the "critical development" |
| APGAR score | test done on newborns looking for the Activity, Pulse, Grimace, Apperance and Respiration of a baby |
| Newborn Face detection | blurry at first... but can associate faces with voices around 3 months |
| Newborn Imitation | will mimic others facial expressions |
| Newborn Taste and Smell | can discriminate between a variety of oders and tastes |
| Newborn Tough | starts prenatal. Reacts to both positive and negative touch |
| motor development | babies should hit various "milestones" in terms of development |
| authoritarian parental style | I'm the Boss, ridged and punishment |
| authoritative parental style | guidelines, supportive, self-regulation |
| uninvolved parental style | uninterested, passive, distant, , absent |
| Permissive parental style | no guidelines, not directed, appeasement |
| nature | how we are genetically/ biologically influenced |
| nuture | how our environment and experiences influence us |
