| A | B |
|---|
| Classical | Ancient Greek and Roman |
| Renaissance | A French word meaning "rebirth," refers to the renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman learning |
| Technology | The use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes |
| Astrolabe | An instrument that measured the position of stars |
| Caravel | Three-masted sailing vessel having broad bows |
| Pilgrimage | A journey to a holy place |
| Mosque | Muslim house of worship |
| Line of Demarcation | An imaginary line running down the middle of the Atlantic from the North Pole to the South Pole |
| Strait | Narrow sea passage |
| Circumnavigate | To sail around |
| Conquistador | Spanish explorer |
| Tribute | Sign of respect or obedience |
| Pueblo | Village or town |
| Mission | Religious community |
| Presidio | A fort |
| Encomienda | The right to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans |
| Plantation | Large estate |
| Mercantilism | Economic theory stating that a nation's power is based on its wealth |
| Columbian Exchange | Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between hemispheres |
| Northwest passage | Believed to be a more direct water route to Asia through the Americas |
| Coureur de bois | Fur trappers; "runners of the woods" |
| Slavery | The treatment of people as property for the purpose of forcing them to do labor. People who are denied freedom in this way are called slaves and are said to be enslaved. |
| Colony | A new settlement or territory established and governed by a country in another land. |
| Missionaries | People who travel to a territory or community in order to make converts to their religion. |
| Mestizos | Born to Spanish and Native American parents. |
| Creoles | People born in the Americas to Spanish born parents |
| Peninsulares | A person born in Spain living in the Spanish settlements in the Americas. |
