| A | B |
|---|
| Common Law | a legal system based on custom and court ruling |
| Jury | group of men, collected by local officials, who swore to speak the truth |
| King John | Angered his own nobles with oppressive taxes and other abuses of power. Is responsible for the reforms that would become the Magna Carta. |
| Magna Carta | The great charter which asserted that nobles have certain rights and made it clear that monarchs must obey the law |
| Due process of law | legal judgment of peers or by the law of the land |
| Habeas Corpus | No person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime |
| Parliamant | council which became England's legislature |
| Phillip Augustus (Philip II) | Expanded French territory, by the end of his reign he was the most powerful ruler in Europe |
| Estates General | Body of representatives from all three estates or classes of French society |
| Louis IX | Deeply religious man, persecuted Jews and heretics |
| Hugh Capet | Count who filled vacant French throne in 987. Established order and increased prestige |
| Philip IV | Ruthlessly extended royal power. Clashed with pope over religious taxation. |
| Pope Boniface VIII | declared "God has set popes over kings and kingdoms" in response to taxation of Philip IV |
| Henry II | Broadened the system of royal justice by expanding accepted customs into law |
| William the Conqueror | won the thrown of England in 1066. Viking descendant who created the "doomsday" book to list castles, field and pigpens in England |
