| A | B |
|---|
| z-score | tells exactly where the score is located relative to all the other scores in the distribution |
| The sign of the z-score (+ or –) | identifies whether the X value is located above the mean (positive) or below the mean (negative) |
| The numerical value of the z-score | corresponds to the number of standard deviations between X and the mean of the distribution |
| raw score | An original, untransformed observation or measurement |
| z-score transformation | changes raw scores (X values) into z-scores. |
| standard score | A score that has been transformed into a standard form. |
| standardized distribution | An entire distribution that has been transformed to create predetermined values for μ and σ. |
| formula, z-score for a population | z = X – μ / σ |
| formula, z-score for a sample | z = X-M / s |
