| A | B |
|---|
| psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| behavior | observable and measurable actions of people and animals |
| cognitive activity | private, unobservable mental processes such as sensation, perception, thought, and problem solving |
| theory | a set of assumptions about why something is the way it is and happens the way it does |
| basic research | research that is conducted for its own sake, that is, without seeking a solution to a specific problem |
| introspection | an examination of one's own thoughts and feelings |
| structuralism | the school of psychology, founded by Wilhelm Wundt, that maintains that conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings |
| functionalism | the school of psychology, founded by William James, that emphasizes the purposes of behavior an dmental processes |
| behaviorism | the school of psychology, founded by |
| Gestalt psychology | the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into meaningful wholes |
| psychoanalysis | the school of psychology, founded by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior |
| biological perspective | the psychological perspective that emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior |
| cognitive perspective | the viewpoint that emphasizes the role of thought processes in determining behavior |
| humanistic perspective | the psychological point of view that assumes the existence of the self and emphasizes the importace of self-awareness and the freedom to make choices |
| psychoanalytic perspective | the perspective that stresses the influences of unconscious forces on human behavior |
| learning perspective | the psychological point of view that emphasizes the effects of experience on behavior |
| social-learning theory | the theory that suggests that people have the ability to change their environments or to create new ones |
| sociocultural perspective | in psychology, the perspective that focuses on the roles of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status in personality formation, behavior, and mental processes |
