| A | B |
|---|
| Longitude | vertical lines that measure east & west of the Prime Meridian |
| latitude | horizontal lines that measure north & south of the Equator |
| primary source | event told/written by someone who witnessed or experienced it [diaries, artifacts] |
| secondary source | event told/written by someone NOT experiencing or witnessing it, usually long after [textbook, replica] |
| nomad | people who move from place to place in search of food for themselves or for their animals. |
| hunters & gatherers | early people who traveled in small groups [20-30 people] following the game animals and the ripening fruit for food |
| domestication | the taming of animals previously hunted for food |
| Six features of civilization | rise of cities, well-organized governments, complex religions, job specialization, social classes, writing, art & architecture, public works |
| pharaoh | ruler of Egypt, viewed as a god |
| vizier | the pharaoh’s chief advisor |
| silt | fertile soil that overflowed the banks of the Nile River during the annual floods that made farming possible |
| Nile delta | the triangular shaped marshland at the mouth of the Nile River [where it flowed into the Mediterranean Sea in Lower (north) Egypt.] |
| Cataract | waterfall |
| “The gift of the Nile” | Egypt – because without the Nile River, Egypt would be a desert |
| Queen Hatshepsut | female pharaoh built new temples and had to wear a fake beard to show her authority |
| Pharaoh Ramses II | expanded Egypt’s empire into the Middle East; fought the Hittites of Asia Minor and then signed a peace treaty with them |
