| A | B |
|---|
| What was the basis for the Renaissance? | economic growth |
| Where did the Renaissance start? | Florence |
| How was Northern Italy's location beneficial? | they were centrally located and benefitted from the crusades and the spice trade |
| Who was Giovanni de Medici? | he founded the Medici Bank and gained control of the papal banking. He showed his wealth by patronizing the arts |
| What 5 city-states dominated the peninsula? | Venice, Milan, Florence, the Papal State, and the kingdom of Naples |
| Who tried to unite the Peninsula? | Cesare Borgia |
| Who was one of the founders of the Renaissance? | Petrarch |
| What appeared during the Renaissance? | a new individualism, a deep interest in latin, a revival of the antique lifestyle, and a more secular spirit |
| What became known as new learning of the study of the classics? | Humanism |
| What did Humanism emphasize? | human beings, human achievements, human capabilities |
| What was concerned with the material world and not the eternal world? | secularism |
| Who wrote Decameron about a worldly society? | Bocaccio |
| Who studied the classics to understand human nature but were very Christian men and women in God's image? | Italian humanists |
| Who was trained as a lawyer in England and wrote Utopia where all children received a humanist education. He believed private proprety caused vices and civil disorder. He was beheaded by Henry VIII for refusing to acknowledge the supermacy of Henry in the Church of England? | Thomas Moore |
| Who wrote the Education of a Christian Prince and the Praise of Folly which criticized the abuses of the Catholic Church which he sought to reform by education. He felt that the philosophy of Christ Christianity is an inner feeling. | Erasmus |
| A new breed of leaders that preferred security to love and used the monarchy to guarantee law and order. | Machiavellian |
| Six characteristics of Machiavellian | 1)strong authority and national purpose 2) linked all classes of society within a boundary 3) insisted on respect and loyalty 4) ruthlessly opposed rebellions and opposition 5)loved the business of kingship 6) tended to rely on the middle class-the new bourgeoisie |
| Who revived the monarchy by expelling the English and increased the influence of the middle class in France? | Charles VII |
| Another name for salt tax | gabelle |
| Another name for land tax | taille |
| He created the first permanent royal army in France and was able to appoint bishops | Charles VII |
| This sanction asserted the French church supremacy over the papacy | Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438) |
| He was a Renaissance prince in France who promoted industry, improved the army, and signed international treaties? | Louis XI |
| What country was decimated by the Black Death? | England |
| Who won the War of Roses and promoted peace and order? | The Tudors |
| How did Henry VII rebuild the English kingdom? | He encouraged trade, built up the merchant fleet, crushed an invasion from Ireland, secured peace with Scotland-daughter Margaret married the Scottish king |
| What was the center of authority in England that handled the king's business including arranging marriages? | Royal Council or Star Chamber |
| Who united the Spanish regions in marriage? | Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand of Aragon |
| This was the expulsion of Jew and Moors from Spain that lasted over 100 years | the Reconquista |
| The ruthless court that decided if converted Jews were telling the truth. Later used against the Protestants. | Inquisition |
| Who was the Holy Roman Emperor, the Universal Monarch? | Charles V, grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella |
| How was the emperor elected in Germany? | by 7 electors |
| What two principles did Machiavelli's work rest on? | Permanent social order reflecting God's will is impossible, and politics should be considered as a science |
| How did Johann Gutenberg change the course of history? | He invented the movable print which made propaganda possible and forced people into groups. He also stimulated the literacy of lay people. |
| He was born in East Germany from peasant stock and entered the strict Augustinian monastery against his father's wishes. He was disillusioned with the Church and questioned good works like prayer and fasting? | Martin Luther |
| What officially recognized Lutheranism and each prince could decide the religion of his territory. North Germany became Protestant and South Germany became Catholic. | Peace of Augsburg |
| The person most responsible for the spread of Protestantism. Started in Geneva and spread to Scotland, France, England, and America. | Calvinism |
| He became the king at 18 in 1509. He was strongly Catholic and trained as a priest. Pope gave him the title of Defender of the Faith. | Henry VIII |
| Why did Henry VIII need special permission from Pope Julius II to marry Catherine of Aragon? | Catherine had been his brother's wife |
| She was the daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, catholic, had five daughters and only Mary survived. | Catherine of Aragon |
| He denied an annulment of marriage between Catherine of Aragon and King Henry VIII which forced King Henry to issue Acts making the king supreme head of Church of England which led to the separation of the church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. | Pope Clement VII |
| She was the maid of honor in Catherine's wedding, Henry VIII 2nd wife, and bore him a daughter Elizabeth I. In 1536, she was charged with adultery and beheaded. | Anne Boleyn |
| The only son of Henry whose mother died of child bed fever. He became king at age nine but died of sickness in 1553. | Edward VI |
| She became queen after Edward died. She was a devoted Catholic named bloody Mary. She married her cousin Phillip II of Spain but was very unpopular. | Mary Tudor |
| She became queen of England in 1558. She was a protestant but was tolerant. Her 39 Articles became the basis of the Anglican church. | Elizabeth Tudor |
| She did not follow the English model and allied with the French. | Mary Queen of Scots |
| He was a protestant who persuaded parliament to end papal supremacy in Scotland and he established the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. | John Knox |
| This began in 1517 in response to calls for reform where the Catholic Church wanted to persuade dissidents to return to the church? | Counter-Reformation |
| What did the Council of Trent decide in 1563? | 7 sacraments, bishops had to reside in their dioceses, suppressed pluralism and simony, church had to establish seminaries, the Index of Prohibited Books |
| An order only for nuns | Ursuline order |
| The Society of Jesus founded by Ignatius Loyala and emphasized education. | Jesuits |
