| A | B |
|---|
| atom | smallest unit of matter |
| proton | postive charged particles found in atomic nucleus |
| Nuetron | Particles with no electrical charge found in atomic nucleus |
| electron | negative charged particle in atomic nucleus |
| elements | composed of atoms all the same type |
| # of electrons in 1st level of electron shell | 2 |
| # of electrons in 2cd level of electron shell | 8 |
| # of electrons in 3rd level of electron shell | 18 |
| # of electrons in 4th level of electron shell | 32 |
| last electron shell atom is stable when | a) it's full b) it has 8 electrons |
| ionic bond | transfer of electron from 1 atom to another |
| transfer limit in ionic & covalent bonds | 3 |
| covalent bond | 2 atoms sharing electrons |
| non-polar covalent bond | electrons are shared equally |
| polar covalent bond | electrons aren't shared equally |
| organic compound | carbon atoms bonded together covalently |
| monomer | Small molecule that's a subunit of polymers |
| polymer | molecule made of at least 3 monomers |
| Carbohydrate | organic compounds which include monsaccharide,disaccharide, & polysaccharide |
| Monosaccharide | simple sugar carbohydrate that can't be decomposed by hydrolysis ex= glucose |
| disaccharide | sugar that has 2 units of a monosaccharide. ex= maltose |
| polysaccharide | polymer made from sugar monomers |
| dehydration synthesis | removal of a water molecule |
| hydrolysis | addition of a water molecule |
| dietary fiber | polysaccharides that aren't digested in the small intestine |
| lipid | class of organic compounds that tend to be soluble in nonpolar solvents like alcohol |
| triglyceride | nuetral fat made of glycerol & 3 fatty acids |
| saturated fat | fatty acid molecule with out double bond between atoms of carbon chain & has the most hydrogen each carbon can carry |
| unsaturated fats | fatty acids contain double bonds between carbon atoms |
| steroid hormones | always has the same complex of 4 carbon ringsbut each has different side chains |
| phospholipid | molecule that forms bilayer of the cell's membrane. has a polar hydrophilic head & 2 nonpolar hydrophobic tails |
| protein | molecule consisting of 1 or more polypeptides |
| primary structure | original cahin of amono acids |
| amino acid | organic molecule that has an amino & acid group bonded covalently to make polypeptides |
| peptide bond | type of covalent bond that joins 2 amino acids |
| 3d structure | level of folding that determines the function of a protein in the body |
| enzyme | usually a protein that speeds a reaction in cells |
| nucleic acid | determine structure of the cell & control the cell's metabolic activities |
| Nucleotide | monomer of dna & rna that has 5 carbon sugars bonded to a nitrogen |
| cellular organelle | small structures within the cell that carry out specialized functions |
| basal metabolic rate | energy required to keep a resting/awake person alive |
| how are starch & glucose similar? | Both are made by glucose molecules hooking together |
| How can an element have 2 different atomic weights? | they have different # of nuetrons |
| melanin is a | protein |
| estrogen & testosterone is a | lipid |
| insulin is a | protein |
| dna is a | nucleic acid |
| lactose is a | carbohydrate |
| lactase is a | protein |
| antibody is a | protein |
| cholesterol is a | lipid |
| what's the percentage of calories from fat? | 30% |
| small intestine | where most chemical digestion occurs. has ducts which allows secretions from pancreas & liver to enter digestive system |
| Stomach | Stores food. site of chemical & mechanical digestion |
| Large intestine | reabsorption of water main function. sodium barcate released from this organ neutralizes acid in small intestine |
| gall bladder | stores a liquid that emulsifies fat |
| liver | produces bile |
| buffering proteins | Keeps body blood ph balanced |
| transport proteins | Carry oxygen thru the body. |
| pancreas | releases digestive enzymes & buffers |
