| A | B |
|---|
| ancien regime | old order. France's three social classes |
| First Estate | social order made up of clergy |
| Second Estate | social order made up of nobles |
| Third Estate | social order made up of bourgeoisie and peasants |
| bourgeoisie | middle class, which included lawyers,bankers and merchants |
| deficit spending | when a government spends more than it takes in |
| Louis XIV | French monarch who built the palace of Versailles and practiced deficit spending |
| Jacques Necker | financial expert who advised Louis XVI to cut spending |
| Estates-General | France's legislative body. Made up of members from the three estates |
| Tennis Court Oath | where delegates from the Third Estate met and vowed to create a constitution |
| Bastille | French fortress used as a prison that held political prisoners |
| Great Fear | wide spread panic caused by rumors that government troops were seizing peasant crops |
| National Assembly | moderate phase of the revolution that created a constitutional monarchy |
| National Convention | Radical Phase-marked by the Reign of Terror |
| Directory | Moderate Phase made up of a 5 man government |
| Consulate | 3-man governing board with Napoleon as First Consul, then Consul for life |
| Causes of the French Revolution | deficit spending, Enlightenment, American Revolution, unfair representation, famine |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | document modeled after the Declaration of Independence |
| Olympe de Gouges | Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen |
| Marie Antoinette | French Queen who was beheaded along with her husband Louis XVI |
| Committee of Public Safety | led by Robespierre. targeted anti-revolutionary behavior |
| Reign of Terror | period in which more than 40,000 lost the heads to the guillotine |
| sans-culottes | working class men and women who demanded a republic instead of a monarchy |
| republic | government ruled by elected representatives |
| Emigres | wanted to restore the old regime |
| Jacobians | radical party that wanted to to remove the king and form a republic |
| plebiscite | ballot where voters say yes or no on an issue |
| Napoleonic Code | Napoleon's code of laws that embodied Enlightenment ideas |
| annexed | to add on |
| Continental System | economic warfare |
| scorched-earth policy | Russian's battle plan in which they burned everything |
| Battle of Waterloo | Napoleon's final defeat |
| Congress of Vienna | redrew the boundaries of Europe to restore the balance of power |
| Robespierre | head of the Committee of Public Safety |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| abdicate | to give up power |
| Concert of Europe | peacekeeping organization of European states |
| nationalism | pride in one's nation |
| radical | extreme |
| Bourgeoisie | middle class |
