| A | B |
|---|
| Natural Law | rules of conduct discoverable by reason |
| Thomas Hobbes | believed a monarchy was neccessary, because men were basically evil |
| John Locke | believed in natural rights, that man has the right to rebel |
| social contract | an agreement by which people gave up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos |
| natural rights | right to life, liberty and property. John Locke |
| Montesquieu | believed in three branches of government, seperation of power |
| Voltaire | believed in freedom of speech |
| philosophes | Enlightenment thinkers who believed the use of reason could lead to reforms in government |
| Rousseau | believed in the social contract |
| laissez-faire | allowing business to operate with little or no government interference |
| Adam Smith | believed in laissez-faire and a free market. The Wealth of Nations |
| censorship | restricting access to ideas and information |
| salons | informal social gatherings |
| enlightened despot | absolute ruler who used their power to bring about political and social change |
| Frederick the Great | Prussian monarch who practiced religious toleration |
| Catherine the Great | Russian absolute monarch who embraced western ideas and gained warm -water ports |
| Joseph II | Austrian monarch who traveled in disguise to learn about his subjects problems |
| Enlightenment | time of new thinking about human nature and society |
