| A | B |
|---|
| Justinian Code | laws, opinions, textbook, and legislation composed by Justinian's panel of 10 experts; single and uniform |
| Hagia Sophia | "Holy Wisdom"; church rebuilt by Justinian |
| patriarch | leading bishop of the East |
| icon | religious images used by eastern Christians to aif their devotions |
| iconoclast | "icon-breakers"; broke into churches to destroy images |
| excommunication | outcast from the Church |
| schism | split; notably, between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church |
| Cyrillic alphabet | used to write Russian and other Slavic languages; named after an famous eastern missionary |
| Slavs | the people from the forests north of the Black Sea |
| boyars | nobles |
| Olga | Kievan princess who converted to Christianity when visiting Constantanople |
| Vladimir | Olga's grandson who considered conversion to Christianity |
| Yaroslav the Wise | Vladimir's son; forged trading alliances through the marriage of his children, dealt with crimes against poverty, built a library |
| Alexander Nevsky | Novgorod's prince and military hero |
| czar | Russian version of Caesar |
| mamelukes | Turkish military slaves |
| Seljuks | one of the first migrant Turkish groups; named after the family that led them |
| vizier | prime minister |
| Malik Shah | the most famous Seljuk sultans |
