| A | B |
|---|
| lineage | members of this believe they are descendants of a common ancestor |
| stateless societies | do not have a centralized system of power; authority balanced among lineages of equal power so no one has too much control |
| patrilineal | trace their ancestors through their fathers |
| matrilineal | trace their ancestors through their mothers |
| Maghrib | the part of Noth Africa that is today the Mediterranean coast of Morocca, Tunisia, and Algeria |
| Almoravids | Ibn Yasin's strict religious brotherhood |
| Almohads | group of Berber Muslim reformers; "al-Muwahhidun" or "those who affirm the unity of God" |
| Ghana | the rulers of this kindom were growing rich from taxing the goods that traders carried through their territory |
| Mali | kingdom that emerged in 1235; founders were Mande-speaking people, who lived south of Ghana. |
| Sundiata | Mali's first leader; came to power by crushing a cruel, unpopular leader |
| Mansa Musa | most famous preaching Muslim holy men; may have been Sundiata's grandnephew |
| Ibn Battuta | traveler and historian; native of Tangier, traveled for 27 years |
| Songhai | a West African empire that conquered Mali and controlled trade from th 1400s to 1591 |
| Hausa | a group of people named after the language they spoke; emerged between 1000 and 1200 in the savanna near Mali and Songhai |
| Yoruba | a West African people who formed several kingdoms in what is now Benin and southern Nigeria |
| Benin | a kingdom that arose near the Niger River delta in the 1300's and became a major West African state in the 1400s |
| Swahili | Arabic blended with the Bantu language |
| Great Zimbabwe | city established by the Shona people in southeastern Africa |
| Mutapa | relating to a southern African empire established by Mutota in the 15th century AD |
