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| Linnaeus's Hierarchy | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| Cladogram | a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship among a group of organisms. |
| Enfolding | A process by which all the membrane enclosed organelles(except chloroplasts and mitochondria) evolved from inward folds of plasma membrane of a prokaryotic cell |
| Endosymbiosis | A process by which the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells probably evolved from symbiotic associations between small prokaryotic cells living inside larger ones |
| Flagellates | Protozoans that move by means of one or more flagella |
| amoebas(sacrodines) | Protozoans characterized by great flexibility and the presence of Pseudopodia(temporary extensions of the cell) |
| Apicomplexans(Sporozoans) | Parasitic protozoans characterized by an apparatus at their apex that is specialized for penetrating host cells and tissues |
| Ciliates | Protozoans the use locomotor structures called cilia to move and feed |
| Plasmodial Slime Mold | A type of protist that has amoeboid cells, flagellated cells, and an amoeboid plasmodial feeding stage in its life cycle |
| Cellular Slime Mold | A type of protist that has unicellular amoeboid cells during its feeding stage but also functions as a multicellular colony |
| Dinoflagellates | Unicellular photosynthetic algae with two flagella situated in perpendicular grooves in cellulose plates covering the cell |
| Diatoms | Unicellular photosynthetic algae with a unique glassy cell wall containing silica |
| Green Algae | Photosynthetic protists that include unicellular, colonial, and multicellular species with grass-green chloroplasts: closely related to true plants |
| Shape of Bacteria | Cocci, Bacilli, Spirochetes |
| Traits of Archaea | Inhabit extreme environments, thermophiles and halophiles |
| Structure of Prokaryotes | Flagella, Nucleod Region, Ribosomes, Plasma Membrane, Cell Wall, Capsule, Pili |
| Endospores | Resting cells that allow bacteria to withstand extreme heat, however produce a toxin fatal to humans |
| Bacteria Asexual Reproduction | Binary Fission(cells copy DNA and divide again and again) |
| Photoautotrophs | Harness light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2 |
| Chemoautotrophs | Extract energy from certain inorganic substances, such as H2S or NH3 |
| Chemoheterotrophs | Consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon |
| Pathogenic Bacteria | Exotoxins, Endotoxins |
| Exotoxin | Poisonous protein secreted by bacteria cells |
| Endotoxin | Chemical component of the cell walls of certain bacteria |
| How prokaryotes recycle | Decompose organic matter and return elements to the environment in inorganic forms |
| Bioremediation using Bacteria | Treating sewage, degrading oil |
| Aerobic Bacteria | Containing or requiring oxygen |
| Anaerobic Bacteria | Lacking or not requiring oxygen |
| Facultative Aerobes | Makes ATP by aerobic respiration(oxygen present) and switches to fermentation(oxygen absent) |
| Biodiversity | All the variety of life; usually refers to the variety of species that make up a community; concerns both species richness(the total number of different species) and the relative abundance of different species |
| Exponential Growth Model | A graph in which the whole population multiplies by a constant factor during constant time intervals |
| Logistic Growth Model | A graph that shows the idealized population growth that is slowly limiting factor growth model |
| Limiting Factors of Species | Hunting, Lack of Food, Unpredictable Climate Change |
| Carrying Capacity | The number of individuals in a population that the environment can just maintain with no net increase or decrease |
| Density Dependent Factor | A population-limiting factor whose effects intensify as the population increases in size |
| Density Independent Factor | A population-limiting factor whose intensify is unrelated to population density |
| Cyclic Boom and Bust Growth Cycle | A cycle in which the population of creatures has an exponential growth and a sudden decline |
| Unicellular | An organism containing a single cell |
| Multicellular | An organism with multiple cells |
| Eukaryote | A type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles |
| Prokaryote | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles |
| Autotroph | An organism that makes all its own organic matter from inorganic nutrients, using an energy source such as the sun. |
| Heterotroph | An organism that cannot make its own organic food molecules and must obtain them by consuming other organisms or their organic products. |
| Decomposer | An organism that derives its energy from organic waste and dead organisms; also called detritivore, considered heterotroph since they feed off of energy |
| Absorbs Food | A multicellular heterotrophic eukaryote that absorbs food as it decomposes |
| Ingests Food | The intake of food and digesting it |
| Linnaeus's Binomial Nomenclature | This system assigns a two-part name for every species, as well as a hierachal classification into groups broader every time. |
