| A | B |
|---|
| operant conditioning | A type of learning where people and animals learn to do certain things and not do certain things because of the consequences of their actions. |
| reinforcement | A process by which a stimulus increases the chances that the preceding behavior will occur again. |
| primary reinforcers | Reinforcers that function due to the biological makeup of the organism. |
| secondary reinforcers | Reinforcers initially acquire their value through being paired with established reinforcers. |
| positive reinforcers | These increase the frequency of the behavior they follow when they are applied. |
| negative reinforcers | These increase the frequency of the behavior that follows when they are removed. |
| Shaping | A method of teaching complex behaviors in which one first reinforces small steps in the right direction toward a total goal. |
| latent learning | Learning that remains hidden until it is needed. |
| observational learning | Learning by modeling others behavior. |
| ratio schedule | Reinforcing behaviors at a pre-determined of correct responses. |
