| A | B |
|---|
| Cells | the basic units of life |
| Nucleus | a structure that contains the cell's DNA. |
| Eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei(nucleus). |
| Prokaryotes | cells that do not contain nuclei(nucleus). |
| Cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane - DOES NOT include nucleus |
| Chromosomes | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. |
| Ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. |
| Golgi apparatus | proteins produced in the rough ER move next into an organelle. |
| vacuoles | store materials such as water,salts,proteins, and carbohydrates. |
| Mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. |
| Chloroplast | are organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. |
| Centrioles | located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division, not found in plant cells. |
| Cell membrane | a thin flexible barrier,regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support. |
| cell theory | refers to the idea that cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing |
| organelle | "little organs" that perform special functions; They are membrane-bound compartments or structures of a cell |
| nuclear envelope | The double-layered membrane that envelopes the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the contents of the nucleus from the (cytoplasm |
| chromatin | A complex of nucleic acids (e.g. DNA or RNA) and proteins (histones), which condenses to form a chromosome during cell division |
| nucleolus | The round granular structure within the nucleus of a cell, and composed of protein and RNA. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | A membrane-bounded organelle that occurs as interconnected flattened sacs or tubules that is connected to the nuclear membrane, runs through the cytoplasm, and may well extend into the cell membrane |
| lysosome | Organelles containing a large range of digestive enzymes used primarily for digestion and removal of excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria |
| cytoskeleton | the internal framework of a cell composed of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm, and has a role in controlling cell shape, maintaining intracellular organization, and in cell movement |
| cell wall | a membrane of the cell that forms external to the cell membrane whose main role is to give cells rigidity, strength and protection |
| lipid bilayer | Phospholipids organized in two layers; used to describe the membranes of animal and plant cells |
| diffusion | a type of passive transport, therefore, it is a net movement of molecules in and out of the cell across the cell membrane |
| osmosis | the diffusion of a liquid through a membrane into another liquid |
| equilibrium | a state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces |
| isotonic | when the concentration of 2 solutions is the same |
| hypertonic | when comparing 2 solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | when comparing 2 solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| facilitated diffusion | a process by which substances are transported across cell membranes by means of protein carrier molecules |
| active transport | the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy. |
| endocytosis | A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane. |
| phagocytosis | process in which the extenstions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
| pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment |
| exocytosis | The process in which the cell releases materials to the outside by discharging them as membrane-bounded vesicles passing through the cell membrane. |
| unicellular | Having or consisting of only one cell. |
| multicellular | Having or consisting of many cells or more than one cell to perform all vital functions |
| cell specialization | The cell performing a specific function for a larger organ or tissue. |
| tissue | An aggregate of cells in an organism that have similar structure and function |
| organ | A group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions |
| organ system | A group of organs that work together to carry out a particular task |
| organism | An individual living thing that can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, and maintain homeostasis |
