| A | B |
|---|
| delegated powers | powers specifically granted to the national government by the Constitution |
| delegated powers | enumerated or expressed powers |
| implied powers | powers of the national government that are not specifically stated in the Constitution but derive from the elastic clause |
| "necessary and proper clause" | the elastic clause; Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution |
| "necessary and proper clause" | permits Congress to pass laws as necessary to carry out its existing powers |
| elastic clause | a clause in the Constitution that permits Congress to carry out its existing powers |
| loose construction | an interpretation of the Constitution that gives the federal government broad powers |
| strict construction | an interpretation of the Constitution that says powers of the federal government are strictly defined |
| McCulloch V. Maryland | deals with the elastic clause and taxation of the National Bank |
| prohibited powers | powers denied to the national government, the state government or to both |
| prohibited powers | restricted powers |
| bill of attainder | a statutory law prohibited by the Constitution that makes a person guilty and inflicts punishment without trial |
| habeas corpus | a writ requiring that a person being held in custody be brought before a judge to determine whether there are legal reasons for keeping the person in jail |
| ex post facto law | a law, prohibited by the Constitution, that makes illegal an action that was committed before the law was passed |
| inherent powers | powers that a national government has because it is the government of a sovereign state |
| eminent domain | the inherent power of the government to take private property for public use |
| reserved powers | powers set aside for the state governments by the Constitution |
| concurrent powers | powers possesses by both the national and state governments |
| militia | a voluntary civilian army |
| apportionment | the distribution of representatives among the states based on population |
| redistrict | to redraw the boundaries of legislative districts |
| states' rights | the theory that the states should have the power to nullify any actions of the federal government |
| secede | a state's act of leaving the Union |
| nationalism | devotion to one's nation |
| dual federalism | system in which there is a clear constitutional division between state and national powers |
| cooperative federalism | state and national activities intermix with more national involvement in local affairs |
| Gibbons V. Ogden | broadened the commerce clause by extending the definition to the movements of people and services |
| grant-in-aid | federal money given on a matching basis for local government for a particular program |
| categorical grant | a federal grant given to the state or local government for specific use |
| revenue sharing | a portion of federal income tax money is given to state and local governments |
| block grant | a federal grant giving money to a state for general purposes |
| "full faith and credit clause" | documents considered legal in one state must be considered legal by all other states |
| extradition | procedure for returning an accused person to the state or county where a crime was allegedly committed |
| comity clause | each state must grant residents of all other state the same rights its own residents enjoy |
| interstate compact | an agreement between two or more states to solve a common problem |
| reciprocity | the mutual exchange of respect and political favors between states or countries |
