| A | B |
|---|
| Breast abscess - definition | complication of infection with accumulation of pus |
| Breast abscess treatment | antibiotics, possible I & D, no breast feeding on affected breast (express and discard milk) |
| Mastitis - definition | inflammation characterized by erythema, swelling, tenderness, and increased warmth |
| Mastitis - treatment | Local heat, antibiotics, frequent nursing to keep breast empty |
| Plugged duct - definition | obstruction of a milk duct - area may be tender and slightly reddened |
| Plugged duct - treatment | frequent nursing |
| Gynecomastia in older males | commonly due to hormone level changes but may also occur due to medications, or certain diseases |
| Gynecomastia in adolescent boys | common temporary breast enlargement - may be unilateral |
| Nipple discharge - witch's milk | clear or white nipple discharge in newborns due to maternal estrogen crossing placenta |
| Precocious breast development | breast development before age 8 |
| Breast changes with pregnancy | larger, more nodular, darker more erectile areola, prominent venous pattern |
| Nipple discharge - colostrum | yellowish precursor to milk - contains antibodies |
| Nipple discharge - serosanguineous | bloody serous discharge - may be indicative of intraductal papilloma or cancer |
| Nipple discharge - clear or milky (in non-pregnant and non-lactating female) | often due to medications (e.g. birth control pills) |
| Breast changes with aging | decreased firmness and atrophy (and eventual pendulousness) due to decreased estrogen & progesterone, decreases in fatty and glandular tissue |
| Breast lumps - fibrocystic breasts | tender masses - mobile, rubbery, well demarcated - symptoms vary with hormonal cycle |
| Breast lumps - cancer | usually solitary, solid, hard, vague borders - may fix to underlying tissues as it progresses |
| Breast lumps - fibroadenoma | usually solitary, rapidly enlarging, firm, rubbery, mobile |
| Intraductal papilloma | small tumors (often not palpable) in a single duct - causes a serous or serosanguineous discharge |
| Paget's disease (aka intraductal carcinoma) | cancer initialized characterized by dry, scaling, crusts in nipple area |
| Signs of breast cancer noted on inspection | fixation and retraction, edema (peau d'orange), prominent venous pattern (non-pregnant), deviation in nipple pointing |
