| A | B |
|---|
| Chemicals that have carbon and hydrogen in them and were produced by once living things are called ___. | organic chemicals |
| All organic chemicals have the elements ____ and ___ in them and most also have ____. | carbon, hydrogen, (most have oxygen also) |
| Give some examples of organic chemicals | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, fossil fuels, 
|
| Water and carbon dioxide are ____ molecules. | inorganic |
| The building blocks of larger molecules are known as ____. | monomers |
| Many monomers linked together make up a ____. | polymer |
| A polymer is a large molecule made up of many ____. | monomers |
| The root word "poly" means ____. | many |
| The root word "mono" means ___. | one |
| The four categories of biological macromolecules are ___, ___, ___, and ___. | carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids,
|
| The type of macromolecule that is used primarily as a source of energy is ___. | carbohydrates,
|
| Bread, pasta, cereal and fruits are high in which type of macromolecule? | carbohydrates,
|
| The monomers of complex carbohydrates are ___. | simple sugars (a.k.a. monosaccharides),
|
| glucose, fructose and galactose are examples of ____. | simple sugars (or monosaccharides),
|
| Sucrose is commonly called ____. | table sugar |
| Sucrose is a type of carbohydrate made of glucose bonded to fructose. Therefore, it is a ___. | disaccharide |
| Another term for simple sugars is ___. | monosaccharides,
|
| Many monosaccharides bonded together are called a ____. | polysaccharide,
|
| Lactose is a type of _____ found in milk. | sugar |
| Lactose can be broken down into galactose and glucose by the enzyme known as ___. | lactase |
| Plants store their carbohydrates as the polysaccharide known as ____.,
| starch |
| Animals store carbohydrates in their liver and muscles as the polysaccharide known as ___.,
| glycogen,
|
| The cell walls of plants are made of the polysaccharide known as ____. | cellulose,
|
| ____ is a tough polysaccharide that can only be broken down by bacteria and some fungi. | Cellulose |
| There is a lot of cellulose in the plant cell walls of grass. It is very difficult to breakdown into the simple sugars that make it up. Therefore, cows rely on _____ in their stomach to break it down for them.,
| bacteria |
| Gycogen is stored in an animal's ___ and ____.,
| muscles and liver |
| Starch, glycogen and cellulose are all types of ___.,
| carbohydrates,
|
| Sugars are classified as ___. | carbohydrates,
|
| The type of macromolecule that is used mostly for building structures in an organism is called ___.,
| protein |
| Hormones are usually made of ___. | protein (Although some hormones, like testosterone and estrogen are actually a type of lipid called a steroid) |
| The building blocks of proteins are ____. | amino acids,
|
| The monomers of proteins are ___. | amino acids,
|
| A long straight chain of amino acids is called a ____.,
| polypeptide |
| A polypeptide that folds into a 3-D structure that has a specific function is called a(n) ___.,
| protein |
| Lean meat is highest in the macromolecule known as ____.,
| protein |
| The most important quality of an enzyme is its ___.,
| shape. |
| A protein whose shape has been changed due to heat or harsh chemicals is known as a(n) ____ protein. | denatured |
| Organic catalysts are known as ___.,
| enzymes |
| An enzyme ____ a chemical reaction without being changed itself. | speeds up (this also applies to catalysts in general) |
| DNA and RNA are types of ____ | nucleic acids,
|
| The type of molecule that stores genetic information is called ___. | DNA |
| The monomers of nucleic acids are ____. | nucleotides,
|
| DNA is made up of four different types of ____. | nucleotides |
| adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine are ____ | nucleotides |
| The order of nucleotides in DNA determines the order of ____ in a _______,
| amino acids, protein,
|
| A change in the order of nucleotides in DNA is known as a ____.,
| mutation |
| A type of nucleic acid that is single-stranded is ___.,
| RNA |
| A type of nucleic acid that is double stranded is ___.,
| DNA |
| Fats, oils, and waxes are classified as ___. | lipids |
| The main function of lipids in an animal's body is to ____. | store energy for later use |
| Red meats, dairy and fried foods are high in the type of macromolecules known as ___. | lipids |
| The building blocks of most lipids are ___ . | 3 fatty acids and glycerol |
| Besides being used to store energy, lipids are also used for ___. | insulation and protecting internal organs |
| Fats that are solid at room temperature and are not particularly good for you are a type called ___. | saturated fats |
| Fats that are liquid at room temperature and are considered healthy to eat are called ___. | unsaturated fats |
| ____ are high in saturated fats. | Red meats |
| Fats from vegetable oils tend to be ___. | unsaturated (these tend to be healthier for you than saturated fats) |
| Phospholipids make up the majority of the ___. | cell membrane |
| Cell membranes are made up of mostly ___. | phospholipids |
| Enzymes are almost always made of ____.,
| proteins (although some enzymes are actually made of RNA) |
| The chemical or chemicals that an enzyme works on is called the ___.,
| substrate |
| The part of the enzyme that the substrate fits into is called the ___. | active site |
| The chemical process in which molecules are broken down in the body is known as ___. | catabolism,
|
| The chemical process in which larger molecules are built up is known as ___. | anabolism,
|
| The sum of all catabolic and anabolic reactions in the body is known as ___. | metabolism,
|
| Five things that can affect how well an enzyme works are ___.,
| temperature, concentration, pH, inhibitors, and mutations in the DNA that codes for the enzyme |
| Steroids are classified as _______. | lipids,  |
| Lipids with a ring structure are called ______ | steroids.,  |
| Some steroids, like testosterone and estrogen, can act as ______. | hormones (hormones are any molecule that travels through the blood stream and connects with another cell to give it a message. Usually they are proteins, like insulin) |
| A(n) _____ is any substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up. | catalyst |
