| A | B |
|---|
| polar compound | a compound with an uneven pattern of charge. ex. water (oxygen has a more negative charge and the hydrogen side has a more positive charge) |
| hydrogen bond | attraction between the hydrogen atom to a region of negative charge in another atom |
| cohesion | like to like; the attractive force between 2 particles of the SAME kind |
| atomic weight/mass number | the number of protons added to the number of neutrons |
| isotope | where 2 atoms of the same element differ in the number of neutrons |
| ion | where 2 atoms differ in the number of electrons |
| cation | where 2 atoms differ in the number of electrons; this ion is positive |
| anion | where 2 atoms differ in the number of electrons: this ion is negative |
| reactants | substances initially present in a chemical reaction that are used during the reaction to make products |
| salt | NaCl; chlorine attaches to sodium with an ionic bond |
| solute | a part of a solution; the dissolved substance |
| solvent | the dissolving substance; water is the universal solvent |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or more substances |
| trace element | an element in a sample that has an average concentration of less than 100 parts per million |
| temperature | the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter; degrees celsius |
| Nucleus | the central core of an atom that holds 2 kinds of particles; protons (+) and neutrons (no charge); most mass is concentrated here |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in an atom |
| Chemical reactions | when elements combine in ways that cause their atoms to become more stable |
| bond | attachment; in Chemistry (covalent (sharing electrons) or ionic (stealing electrons)) |
| Covalent bond | when 2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons; ex. water and CO2 |
| Molecule | simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of the substance and can exist in a free state |
| mass | the quantity of matter an object has |
| weight | the pull of gravity on an object |
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| Element | substance that can't be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions ( chemical means) |
| Compound | substance consisting of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio (ex. water, NaCl) |
| Atom | smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element; composed of subatomic particles (proton, neutron, and electron) |
| Electron | subatomic particle with a negative charge found in the valence shell of the atom |
| Proton | subatomic particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | subatomic particle with no charge found in the nucleus of the atom |
| ionic bonds | formed when there is electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions Na(+)Cl(-) = NaCl |
| Hydrophobic matter | matter that is water fearing |
| Hydrophillic matter | matter that is water loving |
| radioactive isotope | an isotope with an unstable nucleus |
| Structural formula | the formula that shows how a molecule is formed. (o=o, H-H)) |
| Chemical or Molecular formula | the formula that shows the types and spatial arrangement of the bonds of the chemical (CH4) |
| Electron Configuaration | the arrangement of electrons in energy shells in an atom |
| Polarity | opposite charges at opposite ends of the molecule |
| Adhesion | like to unlike: clinging of 1 substance to a different substance (ex. water climbing the side of the plant vessels) |
| aqueous solution | water is the solvent |
