| A | B |
|---|
| polar compound | a compound with an uneven pattern of charge. ex. water (oxygen has a more negative charge and the hydrogen side has a more positive charge) |
| hydrogen bond | attraction between the hydrogen atom to a region of negative charge in another atom |
| cohesion | like to like; the attractive force between 2 particles of the SAME kind |
| isotope | where 2 atoms of the same element differ in the number of neutrons |
| ion | where 2 atoms differ in the number of electrons |
| cation | where 2 atoms differ in the number of electrons; this ion is positive |
| anion | where 2 atoms differ in the number of electrons: this ion is negative |
| salt | NaCl; chlorine attaches to sodium with an ionic bond |
| solute | a part of a solution; the dissolved substance |
| solvent | the dissolving substance; water is the universal solvent |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or more substances |
| temperature | the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter; degrees celsius |
| Nucleus | the central core of an atom that holds 2 kinds of particles; protons (+) and neutrons (no charge); most mass is concentrated here |
| bond | attachment; in Chemistry (covalent (sharing electrons) or ionic (stealing electrons)) |
| Covalent bond | when 2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons; ex. water and CO2 |
| Molecule | simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of the substance and can exist in a free state |
| mass | the quantity of matter an object has |
| Compound | substance consisting of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio (ex. water, NaCl) |
| Atom | smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element; composed of subatomic particles (proton, neutron, and electron) |
| Electron | subatomic particle with a negative charge found in the valence shell of the atom |
| Proton | subatomic particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | subatomic particle with no charge found in the nucleus of the atom |
| Hydrophobic matter | matter that is water fearing |
| Hydrophillic matter | matter that is water loving |
| Polarity | opposite charges at opposite ends of the molecule |
| Adhesion | like to unlike: clinging of 1 substance to a different substance (ex. water climbing the side of the plant vessels) |
| aqueous solution | water is the solvent |
| surface tension | cohesive quality of surface of liquid: the property of liquids that gives their surfaces a slightly elastic quality and enables them to form into separate drops. It is caused by the interaction of molecules at or near the surface that tend to cohere and contract the surface into the smallest possible area |
| capillarity | the property of water which uses cohesion and adhesion to draw water up a stem of a plant (or water into your tent) |
| temperature moderation | the property of water that states that water must gain or lose a relatively large amount of energy for its temperature to change |
