| A | B |
|---|
| Egypt | civilization along the Nile River, began about 6,000 – 5,000 B.C. |
| Nile River | The source of water that allowed for the development of the Egyptian civilization |
| Cataracts | rapids |
| Delta | a mouth of a river where the rivers valley broadens and holds much rich top soil |
| Sahara | The largest desert in the world located in North Africa, including Egypt |
| Papyrus | a valuable resource for the Egyptians; a reed plant used to make baskets, sandals, and even paper |
| Hieroglyphics | The Egyptian form of writing; made up of hundreds of picture symbols |
| Narmer | the Egyptian leader who is responsible for combining the kingdoms (Upper and Lower Egypt) of Egypt in about 3100 B.C.; also known as Menes |
| Dynasty | a hereditary line of rulers coming from a single family |
| Pharaohs | Egyptian kings; the word originally meant “great house” |
| Deities | gods and/or goddesses |
| Embalming | a process of protecting and preserving of the pharaoh’s body |
| Mummy | after the pharaoh’s body was cleaned it was wrapped in linens |
| Pyramids | giant structures the size of several current city blocks; these structures protected the pharaoh’s bodies from floods, wild animals, and grave robbers |
| King Khufu | The Egyptian king for which the Great Pyramid was built |
| Giza | the place where the Great Pyramid was built, 10 miles from the modern city of Cairo, on the west side of the Nile |
| Thebes | The middle Kingdom capital city south of Memphis, on the Nile; following 200 years of chaos |
| Ahmose | Egyptian leader who led a revolt against the warrior from across the desert, the Hyksos, who had occupied Egypt for about 150 years |
| Hatshepsut | First woman ruler (Queen) of Egypt in about the year 1480 B.C. |
| Thutmose III | Egyptian pharaoh who began a conquest which expanded Egypt’s rule all the way to Mesopotamia |
| Akmenaton | "Spirit of Aton,” a religious reformer who changed his name from Amenahotep. He did not respond to the attacks from the Hittites and much Egyptian lands were lost in Asia Minor |
| Tutankhamen | “The boy King,” King Tut’s tomb (opened in 1922) gave archeologist and anthropologists an exciting view into the world of the pharaohs |
| Ramses II | Ruled from about 1279 to 1213 B.C. regained territory and built great temples, but the empire fell by about 1150 B.C. |
| Tribute | forced payments |
| Incense | material burned for its pleasant smell; a valuable material |
| Nubia | the region south of Egypt in northeastern Africa |
| Kush | the area that was known as Nubia but later became known as |
| Savannas | grassy plains |
| Kerma | a kingdom of the Kush that developed close ties with Egypt and did a lot of |
| Napata | a city of the Kush that gained in power when the decline of the Egyptian New Kingdom went into decline (about 850 B.C.) |
| Kashta | About 750 B.C. a Kushite king who began the conquest of Egypt |
| Piye | Kashta’s son who completed the military conquest of Egypt |
| Meroë | In about 540 B.C. the new city of Kush. The capital was moved to keep it farther from the threatening Assyrians |
| Hapi | Ruler of the Nile River |
| Isis | Ruler of the dead with her husband |
| Osiris | Ruler of the dead with his wife |
