| A | B |
|---|
| NOT | inverts the value of the condition. |
| Functions | are used to perform calculations on data, modify individual data items, manipulate output for groups of rows, format dates and numbers for display, convert column data types. |
| AND | both conditions must be true for a record to be selected. |
| Manipulate | to move, arrange, operate, or control in a skillful manner. |
| Ascending / ASC | orders the rows in ascending order (this is the default order); A - Z. |
| Rules of Precedence | rules that determine the order expressions are evaluated and calculated. |
| Descending / DESC | orders the rows in descending order; Z - A. |
| OR | either condition can be true for a record to be selected. |
| Argument | a value used to evaluate a function. |
| Sort | to arrange according to class, kind, or size. |
| AVG | Returns the average of the values in a set of rows |
| MAX | Returns the largest value from a set of rows |
| COUNT | Returns the number of rows in the set |
| MIN | Returns the smallest value from a set of rows |
| SUM | Adds the value for all rows in the query |
| Single Row Functions | are functions that operate on single rows only and return one result per row |
| Multi-row functions (or Grouping functions) | are functions that can manipulate groups of rows to give one result per group of rows |
| Case-Manipulation Functions | LOWER, UPPER, INITCAP |
| Character-Manipulation Functions | CONCAT, SUBSTR, LENGTH, INSTR, LPAD,RPAD, TRIM, REPLACE |
| Logical Operators or Conditional Operators | AND – returns true if both conditions are true |
| ORDER BY | SQL command used to sort records returned in a query |
| Number Functions (numeric functions) | Examples: ABS, ROUND, TRUNC |
| Character (or string) functions | Examples: INITCAP, LENGTH, LOWER, SUBSTR, UPPER |
| Date Functions | Examples: ADD_MONTHS, LAST_DAY, SYSDATE, NEXT_DAY, MONTHS_BETWEEN |
| Conversion Functions | Examples: TO_CHAR, TO_DATE, TO_NUMBER |
| Larry Ellison | CEO of Oracle |
| CEO | Chief Executive Officer, highest ranking business executive of a company. |
