| A | B |
| advanced | beyond the beginning stage |
| founded | to have begun a country or city; to have built a city |
| patrician | in Rome, a person who owned land and helped a ruler govern |
| senate | a governing body |
| consul | a roman leader who served a one year term |
| dictator | a person who rules a coundtry with force and makes all the laws |
| representative | a person who speaks and governs for others |
| republic | a type of government with no king in which a few people represent, or speak for, the many |
| term | a period of time a person serves in a government office |
| veto | to say no to a ruling or law |
| elect | to choose by voting |
| laborer | a person who does hard work with his or her hands |
| plebeian | a common person in Rome who was not wealthy |
| population | all the people of a town, country, or the world |
| tribune | a person who protected the rights of the common people |
| barrier | something that blocks the way |
| mighty | powerful |
| plank | a long, wide, flat piece of wood |
| ally | a friend; a country or person who helps another |
| reform | to make something better through change |
| politician | a government leader; someone who runs for office |
| triumvirate | rule by three people |
| challenge | to question if somehting is right or wrong |
| territory | a large area of land |
| tax | money that people pay to support the government |
| senator | a person who is a member of the senate |
| riot | a noisy and sometimes deadly uprising |
| reform | to make something better through change |