| A | B |
|---|
| Prokaryote | Single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus |
| Bacillus | Rod-shaped prokaryote |
| Coccus | Spherical prokaryote |
| Spirillum | Spiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote |
| Flagellum | Whiplike structure on some cells that is used for movement |
| Photoautotroph | Prokaryote that carries out photosynthesis in a manner similar to that of plants |
| Chemautotroph | Prokaryote that obtains energy directly from inorganic molecules using chemical reactions |
| Photoheterotroph | Prokaryote that is photosynthetic but also needs organic compounds for nutrition |
| Binary Fission | Type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryote replicates its DNA, and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells |
| Conjugation | Form of sexual reproduction in which prokaryotes exchange genetic information |
| Endospore | Type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm |
| Nitrogen Fixation | Process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia |
| Pathogen | Disease-causing agent |
| Antibiotic | Compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria |
| Sterilization | Process of destroying bacteria using great heat or chemical action |
| Virus | Particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells |
| Capsid | Outer protein coat of a virus |
| Bacteriophage | Virus that infects bacteria |
| Lytic Infection | Process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself and causes the cell to burst |
| Lysogenic Infection | Process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of a host cell and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA |
| Retovirus | Vius that contains RNA as its genetic information |
| Prion | Infectious particle made up of protein rather than RNA or DNA |
