| A | B |
|---|
| Chromatin | Granular material in nucleus consists of DNA coiled around proteins |
| Histone | Globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin |
| Replication | Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA |
| DNA Polymerase | enzyme proofreads new DNA strands to check the perfection |
| Messenger RNA | RNA molecule carries copies for assembly of amino acids |
| Ribosomal RNA | Type of RNA that makes up most of ribosomes |
| Tansfer RNA | RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes |
| Transcription | decoding of a DNA message into mRNA |
| RNA Polymerase | enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands |
| Promoter | Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA |
| Intron | Intervening sequence of DNA; does not code for protein |
| Exon | Expressed sequence of DNA codes for protein |
| Codon | three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid |
| Translation | Decoding of mRNA into a polypeptide |
| Anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon |
| Mutation | Change in DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
| Point Mutation | Mutation that affects a single nucleotide usually by subsitituting one nucleotide for another |
| Frameshift Mutation | Mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide |
| Operon | group of genes operating together |
| Operator | region of chromosomes in an operon to which the repressor binds when the operon is turned off |
| Hox Gene | Series of genes that controls the organs and tissues that develop in various parts of an embryo |
| base-pairing | bonds can only form between A & T and between G & C |
