| A | B |
|---|
| genetics | study of heredity |
| true-breeding | plants self-pollinate, have same traits |
| trait | specific characteristics that vary from one person to another |
| hybrid | offspring with 2 different parents |
| gene | chemical factors that determine traits |
| allele | different forms of genes |
| segregation | separation |
| gamete | sex cells |
| probability | likehood that an event will occur |
| punnett square | diagram used to determine the outcomes of genetic crosses |
| homozygous | 2 identical alleles |
| heterozygous | 2 different alleles |
| phenotype | physical characteristics |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| independent assortment | alleles segregate independently |
| incomplete dominance | neither allele is dominant; result is a mixture of traits |
| codominance | both alleles contribute; both show up separately |
| multiple alleles | genes have more than 2 alleles |
| polygenic traits | traits controlled by 2 or more genes |
| homologous | Have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent |
| diploid | cell contains both sets of homologous chrmosomes |
| haploid | contains 1 set of chromosomes |
| meiosis | process that reduces the # of chromosomes by half |
| tetrad | 4 chromosomes pair up during meiosis |
| crossing-over | chromosomes exchange portions of chromatids |
| gene map | shows location of genes on chromosomes |
