| A | B |
|---|
| Location of Mesopotamia | Modern-Day Iraq |
| Location of Egypt | North Africa |
| Location of Upper Egypt | South |
| Location of Lower Egypt | North |
| Location of Indus Valley | Pakistan(Indian Subcontinent) |
| Location of China | East Asia |
| Rivers of Mesopotamia | Tigris and Euphrates |
| River of Egypt;Longest river in the world | Nile River |
| Rivers of the Indus Valley | Indus and Ganges Rivers |
| Rivers of China | Huang he and Yangtze Rivers |
| Mountain chain along the northern border of the Indus Valley; Isolates the Indus Valley | Himalayas |
| Location of the Red Sea | East of Egypt |
| Location of the Mediterranean Sea | North of Egypt |
| Sargon of Akaad | First empire builder; ruler of Mesopotamia |
| Hammurabi | Ruler of Mesopotamia;established first written code of laws |
| Menes | Pharaoh of Egypt;unified upper and lower Egypt;built capital at Memphis |
| Pharaoh | Ruler of Egypt;believed divine;believed to rule afterlife |
| Howard Carter | Archaeologist who discovered the untouched tomb of King Tut |
| King Tut | Pharaoh of Egypt; tomb was untouched when raided |
| Peking Man | Homonid(Homo erectus pekinis) found in Beijing |
| Shi Huang Di | First emperor of China; unifies China; built earliest unified wall;got rid of feudalism;unified legal system;had all power |
| Fertile Crescent | a desert climate between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea |
| Silt | Rich, fertile soil from rivers |
| Irrigation | To supply land with water by artificial means |
| City-State | a political-unit that included a city and its surrounding lands and villages |
| Dynasty | A ruling though heredity |
| Cultural Diffusion | The spread of a new idea or process |
| Polytheism | Belief in many gods |
| Cataract | Points where riverboats cannot pass(waterfall, rapids, etc.) |
| Delta | A triangular piece of land |
| Pyramid | Tombs for rulers that were built in the desert so that they could be private |
| Mummification | the process of preparing the body and soul for the afterlife; extract organs, wrap in cloth |
| Hieroglyphics | Pictographs representing ideas, not sounds(deciphered using the Rosetta Stone) |
| Cuneiform | writing system that includes wedge-shaped symbols created by an instrument called a stylus |
| Osiris | Egyptian god of the Underworld |
| Papyrus | Cloth used for writing |
| Ka | Living spirit of the pharaoh that continued to rule |
| Monsoon | Seasonal winds of the Indus Valley |
| Khybur Pass | Mountain pass in the Hindu Kish mountains |
| Hindu Kish | Mountains of the Himalayas |
| Mohenjo-Daro | Major city of the Indus Valley |
| Subcontinent | a separate peninsula of a continent |
| Loess | yellowish silt of the Huang He("Yellow") river |
| Dynastic Cycle | Hereditary Ruling |
| Harrappa | Major city of the Indus Valley |
| Old/Middle/New Kingdoms | Time periods of Ancient Egypt |
| Theocracy | A government agent run by a god or gods |
| Great Wall of China | Built by the Qin to prevent invasions by Mongols |
| Oracle Bones | Bones used by the Chinese to determine the future; throw bones into the fire and judge the future by studying the cracks |
| Citadel | a fortress or army |
| Innundation | Annual floods of the Nile |
| Environmental Challenges | Floods, monsoons, isolation, cold, |
| Social system of Mesopotamia | Kings/priests, wealthy merchants, workers(slaves) |
| Social system of Egypt | Pharaohs and family, nobility and officials, middle class, workers, slaves |
| Social system of the Indus Valley | Little class division |
| Social system of China | Nobles, peasants |
| Religion of Mesopotamia | Polytheistic, elements of nature, female forms |
| Religion of Egypt | Polytheistic, nature, afterlife |
| Religion of Indus Valley | little info(probably polytheistic) |
| Religion of China | Polytheism, animism, ancestor, worship |
| Advancements of Mesopotamia | Wheel, sail, plow, gardening, irrigation, government, cuneiform, 60-second minute, calendar |
| Advancements of Egypt | Mathematics, engineering, medicine, astronomy, etc. |
| Advancements of Indus Valley | Plumbing, engineering, cities, writing, weights/measures, toys |
| Advancements of China | Bronze, silk, writing, engineering, medicine |
| Reason for Government | Increase in size(a need to control interactions); government created to balance group needs(society) with individuals needs(freedoms/rights) |
| Reason for pyramids | served as tombs for belief in afterlife |
| Indus Valley Government | Very organized and complex |
| Use of Chinese writing | helped unify China since dialects were no longer a problem |
| 69 | 69 |
| Complication of Chinese Writing | Consisted of thousands of characters which no correlation to any other language |
| Chinese Dynasties | Xia(c.2000 BC), Shang(c. 1532-1027 BC), Zhou( 1027-256 BC), Qin( 221-206 BC) |
| Significance of Hammurabi | Established the first written code of laws; applied to everyone |
| Periods of Egypt | Old, middle, and new kingdoms |
| Correlation of writing between Sumer, Egypt, and China | Able to decipher, however are different characters(Cuneiform, hieroglyphics, chinese) |
| Characteristics of a pyramid | triangular, tomb for afterlife, Imhotep, smooth-sided/simple step |
| Culture of Mesopotamia | Agrarian, city-states, dynasties |
| Culture of Egypt | Sophisticated Agrarian |
| Culture of Indus Valley | Sophisticated society, agrarian |
| Culture of China | Highly Developed |
