| A | B |
|---|
| Sherman Antritrust Act | used by Progressives to attack monopolies |
| Marcus Garvey | UNIA- Back to Africa |
| WEB Dubois | Niagara Program, NAACP |
| Booker T. Washington | gradual integration, Tuskeegee Institute |
| Niagara Progam | WEB Dubois talented tenth program |
| Hudson River School | landscapes and nationalism |
| Susan B. Anthony | suffrage, pushed for 19th Amendment |
| suffrage | women's right to vote |
| Horace Mann | public education reform |
| Anaconda | Northern strategy in Civil War |
| buying on margin | helped cause Black Tuesday, buying stock on credit |
| Haymarket Affair | violent episode that caused unions to lose support |
| Knights of Labor | first national labor union, lost strength after AFL established |
| AFL | believed in strikes, collective bargaining and organizing-Samuel Gompers |
| Fredrick Jackson Turner | frontier thesis, frontier is closed 1890 |
| boomer Sooner | land rush in Oklahoma in 1890 (only free land left) |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory | fire here led to workplace safety reform |
| Louisiana Purchase | Jefferson went against his strict constructionist beliefs |
| strict construction | states rights, nullification, Democratic Republicans |
| loose construction | elastic clause, Used by Federalists to strenghten centeral government |
| Marshall Court | strengthened federal government |
| Indian Removal Act | Andrew Jackson, Trail of Tears |
| scalawags | Southern Republicans after Civil War |
| carpetbagger | northern Republicans who came South after the Civil War |
| nullification | Alien and Sedition Acts, Tariff of Abominations crisis |
| Protective Tariffs | hated by Southerners loved by manufacturers |
| debt, unfair railroad practices, overproduction | problems of farmers |
| Populists, Grangers | formed to deal with farmer debt |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | first example of nullification, reaction to Alien and Sedition Acts |
| impressment | helped cause War of 1812 |
| interference with US commerce | helped cause War of 1812 and led to US entry into WWII |
| War of 1812 | impressment, freedom of Seas, Chesapeake incident, War Hawks |
| Missouri Compromise | balance in Senate |
| Dawes Act | assimilation, 160 acres to Native Americans |
| barbed wire | helped end the cattle kingdom |
| Whiskey Rebellion | established federal authority in the states; Western Pennsylvania |
| dumbbell tenements | for poor people, cheap and efficient use of space |
| row houses | middle class housing in cities |
| robber barons | super rich of the gilded age |
| JP Morgan | banking |
| John D. Rockefeller | Oil |
| Andrew Carnegie | steel |
| James B. Duke | Tobacco |
| Pendleton Act | ended spoils system, sympathy for Garfield |
| transcontinental railroad | build by Chinese and Irish, speeded settelment of West |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | symptom of nativism; 1882 |
| nativism | against immigrants; Know Nothings |
| Know Nothings | nativist party 1850s; aka American Party |
| California gold rush | population boom in California, caused much crime |
| Seneca Falls | suffrage, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| Tecumseh | tried to unite Indians against white settlement |
| Custer | killed at Little Big Horn 1876 |
| Wounded Knee | 1890 ended Indian Wars on Plains |
| Whiskey Ring; Credit Mobilier | Grand Administration scandals |
| Compromise of 1877 | withdrawl of troops from South; end of Reconstruction |
| Election of 1800 | first peaceful transfer of power |
| XYZ affair | led to the quasi war with France |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | aimed at Jeffersonian Republicans; to silence critics of government |
| Emancipation Proclamation | freed slaves in Confederates states only, kept Britain out of the Civil War |
| Lowell Experiment | Yankee girls, textiles |
| electricity | allowed factories to locate away from rivers |
| water power | powered early industrial sites |
| light bulbs | increased productivity by allowing work to go on 24 hours a day |
| dark til dark | work day of early America |
| Bessemer Process | huge amounts of cheap steel |
| cheap steel | skyscrapers |
| skyscrapers | cheap steel and elevators |
| invented the elevator | Otis |
| Cities expanded up and out | Bessemer Process for making steel |
| vertical integration | buying up one's suppliers |
| horizontal integration | buying up one's competition |
| interlocking directorate | having members of boards of directors sitting on multiple companies |
| Indian Ring | Grant administration scandal involving corruption in sending supplies to Indian Reservations |
| Tweed Ring | Political Machine that ran NYC |
| Tammany Hall | aka Tweed Ring |
| George Washington Plunkitt | believed in "honest graft" |
| ended the cattle kingdoms | barbed wire, drought, cold weather, disease |
