| A | B |
|---|
| Trade | This improved during the Middle Ages due to improvements in agriculture. |
| Commerce | Buying and selling of goods |
| Town Charter | A written grant of rights and priviledges by a ruler or government to a community, class of people, or organization. |
| Mayor | Leader of a town that has its own charter. |
| Guild | AN organization of people in the same craft or trade |
| Journeyman | A person who has learned a particular trade or craft but has not become an employer, or master. Works by the day. |
| Apprentice | A person who works for an expert in a trade or craft in return for training. |
| Merchants | Became wealthy and powerful during the High Middle Ages due to trading. |
| Bubonic Plague | Also known as the Black Death |
| Cathedrals | Symbols of the Middle Ages and the importance of the Church. |
| Relics | Holy items kept at Cathedrals that increased pilgrimages and brought trade to the towns. |
| Common Law | A body of rulings made by judges that became part of a nation's legal system, improved justice in the Middle Ages. |
| Miracle Plays | Plays that told about the lives of the Saints |
| Mystery Plays | Plays that guilds put on that related their craft with a bible story, ship builders protrayed the story of Noah's Ark |
| Guild Advantages | Protection for workers, set fair prices, set high standards, dues help pay for halls and to care for sick and disabled members |
| Benefits of Cathedrals | Honored God, Saints, Mary, brought pilgrims to town, increased trade, created jobs. |
| Types of Guilds | Armor, Ship Builders, Goldsmiths, Weavers, Bakers, Cobblers, Stonemasons |
| Medical Treatment | Bleeding, Leeches, Herbal, Magic, Prayer |
| Leisure Activities-kids | Dolls, wooden swords, blindman's bluff, hobby horses |
| Leisure Activities-Adult | Card games, chess, checkers, backgammon, dancing |
| Magna Carta | This document took power away from the King |
| Improved Working Conditions | Due to large numbers of dead from the plague, common people could demand better working conditions and power over their own lives. |
| Hundred Years War | Increase in Nationalism, less need for knights, more power for common people. |
| Trial by Combat | Accused person would have to fight to prove their innocence. |
| Trial by Ordeal | Accused had to pass a difficult test, such as being thrown in a deep well. |
| Hardships for Jews | Prejudice, not allowed to own land, could be targets of violence, could become bankers though this was considered to be a wicked trade. |
| Medieval homes | Often dark, smokey, cold, small and crowded |
| Joan of Arc | The Maid of Orleans inspired commoners to fight for France-defend their Nation! |
| Heretic | A person who holds beliefs that are contrary to the teachings of the church or other group. |
