| A | B |
|---|
| Landmark with the head of a man and the body of a lion | Sphinx |
| Landmark which were burial places of the pharaohs | Great Pyramid at Giza |
| Nebuchadnezzar built this to cure his wife's homesickness | Hanging Gardens of Babylon |
| Hammurabi's greatest accomplishment | written code of law |
| first advanced civilization | Sumeria |
| Holy book of the Hebrews which includes their written records and beliefs | Torah |
| Accomplishments of the Phoenicians | Expert sailors, traders, and developed the alphabet |
| Why trade routes through the Middle East were important | 3 continents came together |
| Why Hammurabi created his law code | to unify the lands he controlled |
| First metals used for tools | bronze and iron |
| King Menes principal achievement | united Upper and Lower Egypt |
| The holy city of Judaism | Jerusalem |
| Names of Egyptian gods/goddesses | Horus, Isis, Osiris |
| this has symbols representing sounds | alphabet |
| Polytheistic civilizations | Sumerians, Egyptians, Babylonians |
| 4 river valleys where civilizations firs developed | Nile, Tigris/Euphrates, Indus, Huang He |
| They wrote cuneiform | Sumerians |
| They wrote hieroglyphics | Egyptians |
| 3 contributions of Hebrews | Ten Commandments, Torah, monotheism |
| Hereditary rulers of river valleys | Kings, pharaohs |
| A system by which goods and services are produced and distributed to meet people's needs | Economy |
| Why river valleys were "Cradles of Civilization" | where first civilizations developed |
| Abraham's monotheism is the basis of these 3 religions | Judaism, christianity, Islam |
| Why pyramids were built | as tombs for pharaohs |
| By law, what did Egyptian women have | more rights than any other women in river valleys |
| a family of rulers | dynasty |
| River valley civilizations had these 3 characteristics | kings/pharaohs were leaders, slavery accepted, rigid class structure |
| Religious beliefs of Amenhotep IV | worshipped a single deity, Aton |
| What Mesopotamia means | land between the rivers |
| Wedge shaped writing developed by the Sumerians | Cuneiform |
| When Hebrews were enslaved and taken to Babylon | Exile |
| these caused a surplus of food in river valleys | better tools, plow, irrigation |
| Civilizations in the Fertile Crescent | Hebrews, Phoenicians, Sumerians |
| When communities of Jews were forced to live outside of Palestine | Diaspora |
| Specialization of labor | when people perform specific jobs according to their skills |
| Traits of advanced civilizations | arts and sciences, written languages, organized government |
| A person who wrote government and religious records | Scribe |
| This led to the translation of hieroglyphics | Rosetta Stone |
| Plant used to make boats, paper, sandals | Papyrus |
| What did Egyptian farmers depend on to irrigate their crops | yearly flooding of Nile |
| First woman to rule Egypt as pharaoh | Hatshepsut |
| Only the Hebrews believed in this | one God |
| pharaoh | god king ruler of Egypt |
| Who led the Israelites out of Egypt? | Moses |
| Where did the word paper come from? | Egypt, papyrus |
| Why did specialization of labor occur? | farmers produced a surplus of food |
| moral and religious code of conduct Hebrews had to follow | Ten Commandments |
| How was government set up in early civilizations | government and religion were connected |
| WD-- CITY-STATE | AN INDEPENDENT STATE CONSISTING OF A CITY AND THE SURROUNDING LAND AND VILLAGES |
| WD-- MONOTHEISM | BELIEF IN ONE GOD |
| WD-- POLYTHEISM | BELIEF IN MANY GODS |
| theocracy | government that combines political and religious leadership |
| archaeological site in England begun in the Neolithic Age and completed in the Bronze age | stonehenge |
