| A | B |
|---|
| Atom | Smallest unit of matter |
| Nuceleus | Area of the atom where the protons and neutrons are found |
| Protons | Positively charged |
| Neutrons | Neutrally charged |
| Electrons | Negatively charged |
| Orbits/shells | Outside the nucleus of the atom; electrons are found in them |
| Isotope | An element with a different number of neutrons |
| Radioactive Isotope | Nuclei are unstable and breakdown at a constant rate over a period of time; emit radiation |
| Element | A pure substance composed of only one type of atom |
| Compound | 2 or more elements joined together in definite proportions |
| Covalent bond | Sharing electrons; form molecules |
| Ionic bond | Transfer of electrons; form ions |
| Ions | Charged atoms |
| Van der Waal's Force | a slight attraction between two oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules; gecko to the wall |
| Why is water polar? | An uneven distribution of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms |
| Hydrogen Bond | Hydrogen bonds with another element - oxygen, hydrogen etc; it is a weak bond |
| Cohesion | A H bond; it is the attraction of molecules between two of the same substances |
| Adhesion | H bond; it is the attraction of molecules between two different substances |
| Capillarity | Cohesion + Adhesion; it is the rise of a fluid up a narrow tube |
| Mixture | Material composed of two or more substances physically combined; salt and peper |
| Solution | A mixture + water; the particles are evenly distributed throughout the solution |
| Solvent | that which the solute dissolves in; water is the universal solvent |
| Solute | That which you add to the solvent |
| Suspension | Mixture + water; particles do not dissolve; stay suspended; blood is an example |
| H= | Hydrogen ion; formed when water dissassociates |
| OH- | Hydroxide ion; formed when water dissasociates |
| pH | Potential Hydrogen; indicates the amount of H ions in the concentration |
| Acid | In a solution it gives off a lot of H+; pH greater than 7 |
| Base or Alkaline | Gives off a lot of OH-; pH less than 7 |
| Buffer | Neutralize; weak acid or weak base; prevents sudden changes in pH; acid + base = salt + water |
| Setae | Hairs on toes of Geckos; bristles on bottom of earthworms |
| Another term for base | Alkaline |
| Valence Number | This means that the outer most orbit is complete |
